Kafka M S, Benedito M A, Roth R H, Steele L K, Wolfe W W, Catravas G N
Clinical Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Chronobiol Int. 1986;3(2):101-15. doi: 10.3109/07420528609066354.
Circadian rhythms in noradrenergic (NE) and dopaminergic (DA) metabolites and in cyclic nucleotide production were measured in discrete regions of rat brain. A circadian rhythm was found in the concentration of the NE metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), in the hippocampus. No MHPG rhythm was found in frontal, cingulate, parietal, piriform, insular or temporal cortex, or in hypothalamus. Circadian rhythms in the concentration of the NE metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), occurred in occipital and parietal cortex and hypothalamus, with no rhythm observable in temporal or insular cortex, hippocampus, pons-medulla or cerebellum. The 24-hr mean concentration of MHPG varied 3.5-fold, highest in cingulate and lowest in parietal, temporal and occipital cortex. The 24-hr mean concentration of DHPG varied 6-fold, highest in hypothalamus and lowest in parietal cortex. Circadian rhythms in the concentration of the DA metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), were found in olfactory tubercle, amygdala and caudate-putamen, but not in nucleus accumbens. A circadian rhythm in the concentration of the DA metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), occurred in nucleus accumbens, but not in olfactory tubercle or caudate-putamen. The mean 24-hr concentration of HVA was highest in caudate-putamen, intermediate in nucleus accumbens, and lowest in olfactory tubercle and amygdala. The mean 24-hr concentration of DOPAC was highest in nucleus accumbens and lower in olfactory tubercle and caudate-putamen. Circadian rhythms were found in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in all regions measured except parietal cortex. The mean 24-hr concentration varied 128-fold, highest in nucleus accumbens, frontal poles, and hypothalamus and lowest in cingulate cortex. Circadian rhythms in cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration were found in piriform, temporal, occipital, cingulate, and parietal cortex, amygdala and nucleus accumbens. No rhythms were found in frontal or insular cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, caudate-putamen or olfactory tubercle. The 24-hr mean cAMP concentration varied 4-fold, highest in parietal cortex and lowest in caudate-putamen and amygdala. Norepinephrine metabolites and dopamine metabolites were rhythmic in few regions. It is, therefore, unlikely that the rhythmicity measured in adrenergic receptors is, in general, a response to rhythmic changes in adrenergic transmitter release. The putative second messenger response systems, especially cGMP, were more often rhythmic. The rhythms in cGMP are parallel in form and region to those in the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor and may act as 2nd messenger for that receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
在大鼠脑的不同区域测量了去甲肾上腺素能（NE）和多巴胺能（DA）代谢产物以及环核苷酸生成的昼夜节律。在海马体中发现去甲肾上腺素代谢产物3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙二醇（MHPG）的浓度存在昼夜节律。在额叶、扣带回、顶叶、梨状叶、岛叶或颞叶皮质以及下丘脑未发现MHPG节律。去甲肾上腺素代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙二醇（DHPG）的浓度在枕叶和顶叶皮质以及下丘脑存在昼夜节律，在颞叶或岛叶皮质、海马体、脑桥-延髓或小脑中未观察到节律。MHPG的24小时平均浓度变化3.5倍，在扣带回中最高，在顶叶、颞叶和枕叶皮质中最低。DHPG的24小时平均浓度变化6倍，在下丘脑中最高，在顶叶皮质中最低。多巴胺代谢产物高香草酸（HVA）的浓度在嗅结节、杏仁核和尾状核-壳核中存在昼夜节律，但在伏隔核中未发现。多巴胺代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙酸（DOPAC）的浓度在伏隔核中存在昼夜节律，但在嗅结节或尾状核-壳核中未发现。HVA的24小时平均浓度在尾状核-壳核中最高，在伏隔核中居中，在嗅结节和杏仁核中最低。DOPAC的24小时平均浓度在伏隔核中最高，在嗅结节和尾状核-壳核中较低。除顶叶皮质外，在所有测量区域中均发现环鸟苷酸（cGMP）浓度存在昼夜节律。24小时平均浓度变化达128倍，在伏隔核、额叶极和下丘脑中最高，在扣带回皮质中最低。环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）浓度的昼夜节律在梨状叶、颞叶、枕叶、扣带回和顶叶皮质、杏仁核和伏隔核中被发现。在额叶或岛叶皮质、下丘脑、海马体、尾状核-壳核或嗅结节中未发现节律。24小时平均cAMP浓度变化4倍，在顶叶皮质中最高，在尾状核-壳核和杏仁核中最低。去甲肾上腺素代谢产物和多巴胺代谢产物仅在少数区域有节律。因此，一般来说，在肾上腺素能受体中测量到的节律性不太可能是对肾上腺素能递质释放节律变化的反应。假定的第二信使反应系统，尤其是cGMP，更常表现出节律性。cGMP的节律在形式和区域上与α1-肾上腺素能受体的节律平行，可能作为该受体的第二信使。（摘要截断于400字）
