Salerno Silvana
ENEA Casaccia.
Med Lav. 2017 Feb 15;108(1):69-79. doi: 10.23749/mdl.v108i1.5698.
Radium discovery by Marie and Pierre Curies caused previously unknown diseases. Marie Sklodowska Curie (1867-1934) suffered from radiations effects, as did girls in the radium dial watches factories. Therapeutic effects of radium were soon discovered, its unhealthy effects were as yet unheard of.
Analysis of Marie Sklodowska Curie (Marie) and radium girls occupational exposure, taking scientific debate on radium dangerous effects into account.
analysis of occupational exposure and diseases of Marie and radium girls in major documents, including Curie archive letters.
Marie had dermatitis, radiodermatitis, tinnitus, one abortion, cataracts, tubercolosis, aplastic anemia. She also was a victim of mobbing. Women employed in the New Jersey radium dial watches factories, often immigrants, died of jaw necrosis, sarcoma of femur, anemia, leukemia and other radium related diseases. Marie was first asked about radium adverse effects by the New Jersey Department of labour (1925), Lise Meitner (1928) and the American Society for Cancer Control (1929). In 1928 Alice Hamilton organized a radium conference in order to find a solution to the radium girls' new disease. In 1929, during her second visit to the United States of America (USA), Marie declared how only prevention could save "radium girls". In 1934 she died of aplastic anemia, just like many radium girls. That year International Labour Office listed the new disease as due to "radium, radioactive substances, X-rays"; it was followed in 1937 by five USA states.
Unheard of knowledge, conflict of interest, scientific delay, incompetence and no prevention were yesterday, as they are today, the cause of many preventable women deaths.
玛丽和皮埃尔·居里夫妇发现镭引发了此前未知的疾病。玛丽·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里（1867 - 1934）遭受了辐射影响，镭表盘工厂的女工们也是如此。镭的治疗效果很快被发现，但其有害影响却闻所未闻。
分析玛丽·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里（玛丽）和镭表盘女工的职业暴露情况，同时考虑关于镭有害影响的科学争论。
分析主要文献中玛丽和镭表盘女工的职业暴露及疾病情况，包括居里档案信件。
玛丽患有皮炎、放射性皮炎、耳鸣、一次流产、白内障、肺结核、再生障碍性贫血。她还是职场暴力的受害者。在新泽西镭表盘工厂工作的女性，她们大多是移民，死于颌骨坏死、股骨肉瘤、贫血、白血病及其他与镭相关的疾病。1925年新泽西劳工部、1928年莉泽·迈特纳以及1929年美国癌症控制协会首次向玛丽询问镭的不良反应。1928年，爱丽丝·汉密尔顿组织了一次镭会议，以寻求解决镭表盘女工新疾病的办法。1929年，玛丽在第二次访问美国期间宣称，只有预防才能拯救“镭表盘女工”。她于1934年死于再生障碍性贫血，和许多镭表盘女工一样。同年，国际劳工组织将这种新疾病列为“镭、放射性物质、X射线”所致；1937年，美国五个州也相继如此认定。
未知的知识、利益冲突、科学滞后、不作为以及缺乏预防措施，过去是、如今依然是许多可预防的女性死亡的原因。
