Mazzi V, Fallahi P
Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Ospedale di Livorno, Livorno, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Clin Ter. 2017 Jan-Feb;168(1):e54-e58. doi: 10.7417/CT.2017.1983.
The underlying mechanism of allergic rhinitis involves IgE antibodies attaching to the allergen and causing the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells. Cytokines are very important in this process. Many data suggest a systemic shift to more intensely type 1-dominated immune responses in non-allergic individuals and, conversely, to more type 2-dominated responses in allergic individuals upon natural re-exposure to grass pollen. However other studies have found that chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10/ interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and CXCL9/monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG) concentrations are elevated in nasal lavages from allergic patients suggesting that these chemokines may play a role in chronic allergic inflammation. Several studies have also evaluated the effect of different immune-modulating drugs in allergic rhinitis showing local and peripheral increase of IFN-γ and IP-10, associated with a reduction of symptoms. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of T helper (Th)1 chemokines in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, and to evaluate their role as biomarkers of disease and of response to treatments.
过敏性鼻炎的潜在机制涉及免疫球蛋白E（IgE）抗体附着于过敏原，并促使肥大细胞释放组胺等炎性化学物质。细胞因子在这一过程中非常重要。许多数据表明，非过敏性个体的免疫系统会系统性地转向以1型为主导的更强烈免疫反应，相反，在自然再次接触草花粉后，过敏性个体的免疫系统会转向以2型为主导的反应。然而，其他研究发现，过敏性患者鼻腔灌洗液中趋化因子（C-X-C基序）配体（CXCL）10/γ干扰素诱导蛋白10（IP-10）和CXCL9/γ干扰素诱导的单核因子（MIG）浓度升高，这表明这些趋化因子可能在慢性过敏性炎症中发挥作用。多项研究还评估了不同免疫调节药物对过敏性鼻炎的影响，结果显示局部和外周的γ干扰素和IP-10增加，同时症状减轻。需要进一步研究来阐明辅助性T细胞（Th）1趋化因子在过敏性鼻炎发病机制中的作用，并评估它们作为疾病生物标志物和治疗反应生物标志物的作用。
