Boonstra Jennifer L, Cox Sherry K, Martin-Jimenez Tomas
Am J Vet Res. 2017 Mar;78(3):267-273. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.78.3.267.
OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics after IM and oral administration of a single dose of meloxicam to American flamingos (Phoenicopertus ruber). ANIMALS 14 adult flamingos. PROCEDURES Flamingos were allocated to 2 groups. Each group received a dose of meloxicam (1 mg/kg) by the IM or oral route. After a 4-week washout period, groups received meloxicam via the other route of administration. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Data for each bird were analyzed. Estimated values of selected pharmacokinetic parameters were compared by use of a linear mixed-effects ANOVA. Pooled concentration-time profiles for each route of administration were analyzed to examine the influence of body weight on pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Mean ± SD maximum plasma concentration was 1.00 ± 0.88 μg/mL after oral administration. This was approximately 15% of the mean maximum plasma concentration of 5.50 ± 2.86 μg/mL after IM administration. Mean time to maximum plasma concentration was 1.33 ± 1.32 hours after oral administration and 0.28 ± 0.17 hours after IM administration. Mean half-life of the terminal phase after oral administration (3.83 ± 2.64 hours) was approximately twice that after IM administration (1.83 ± 1.22 hours). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the extent and rate of meloxicam absorption were less after oral administration than after IM administration. Intramuscular administration resulted in a short period during which mean plasma concentrations met or exceeded reported efficacious analgesic concentrations in other species, whereas oral administration did not. These results suggested that higher doses may be required for oral administration.
目的 确定单剂量美洛昔康经肌内注射和口服给予美洲红鹳（Phoenicopertus ruber）后的药代动力学。动物 14 只成年红鹳。方法 将红鹳分为 2 组。每组通过肌内注射或口服途径给予一剂美洛昔康（1 mg/kg）。经过 4 周的洗脱期后，两组通过另一种给药途径接受美洛昔康。采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中美洛昔康浓度。对每只鸟的数据进行分析。使用线性混合效应方差分析比较选定药代动力学参数的估计值。分析每种给药途径的合并浓度 - 时间曲线，以检查体重对药代动力学的影响。结果 口服给药后，平均 ± 标准差的最大血浆浓度为 1.00 ± 0.88 μg/mL。这约为肌内注射后平均最大血浆浓度 5.50 ± 2.86 μg/mL 的 15%。口服给药后达到最大血浆浓度的平均时间为 1.33 ± 1.32 小时，肌内注射后为 0.28 ± 0.17 小时。口服给药后终末相的平均半衰期（3.83 ± 2.64 小时）约为肌内注射后（1.83 ± 1.22 小时）的两倍。结论及临床意义 结果表明，美洛昔康口服给药后的吸收程度和速率低于肌内注射给药。肌内注射给药后有一段短时间内平均血浆浓度达到或超过其他物种报道的有效镇痛浓度，而口服给药则未达到。这些结果表明口服给药可能需要更高剂量。
