Xu M, Yu W L, Xing Z L, Yao H Y, Sun J F, Yu C Y
National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2016 Dec 20;34(12):924-927. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.12.010.
To investigate the reproductive health status in female staff, and to develop labor protection strategies for female staff. From May to November, 2015, cluster sampling was performed in the industries of medicine and health, petrochemical engineering, metallurgy, railway, mechanical manufacturing, and electronics in seven provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions) . A questionnaire surveywas performed for female staff, and the investigation covered general information, occupational history andexposure to occupational hazards, and reproductive health and childbearing history. A total of 14 614 usable questionnaires were collected, resulting in a response rate of 96.00%. The meanage of all female staff was 36 years. Of all female staff, 80.06% were married and 40.84% were exposed to hazardous factors; 28.14% had abnormal menstruation, and the female staff in theelectronics and railway industries had higher rates of abnormal menstruation (32.28% and 32.11%, respectively) . The overall rate of abnormal gynecological examination results was 18.29%, and the female staff in therailway industry had the highest rate (29.49%) . Of all female staff, 49.01% reported gynecological diseases in the past, among which hyperplasia of mammary glands accounted for 27.11% and inflammation in the reproductive system accounted for 36.31%. The medical staff had higher rates of abnormal menstruation (33.11%) and abnormal gynecological examination results (27.46%) compared with the staff engaged in other occupations. With normal sexual life and no contraceptive measures, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year infertility rates were 24.26%, 11.88%, and 8.88%, respectively. The female staff in the industries of medicine and health, railway, and electronics have serious reproductive health issues. Labor protection should be enhanced and working environment should be improved.
为调查女性职工的生殖健康状况，制定女性职工劳动保护策略。2015年5月至11月，在7个省（直辖市、自治区）的医药卫生、石油化工、冶金、铁路、机械制造、电子等行业进行整群抽样。对女性职工进行问卷调查，调查内容包括一般信息、职业史及职业危害暴露情况、生殖健康及生育史。共收集有效问卷14614份，有效回收率为96.00%。所有女性职工的平均年龄为36岁。所有女性职工中，80.06%已婚，40.84%暴露于危险因素；28.14%月经异常，电子和铁路行业的女性职工月经异常率较高（分别为32.28%和32.11%）。妇科检查结果异常的总体发生率为18.29%，铁路行业女性职工发生率最高（29.49%）。所有女性职工中，49.01%曾报告患妇科疾病，其中乳腺增生占27.11%，生殖系统炎症占36.31%。与从事其他职业的职工相比，医务人员月经异常率（33.11%）和妇科检查结果异常率（27.46%）较高。在性生活正常且未采取避孕措施的情况下，1年、2年和3年不孕率分别为24.26%、11.88%和8.88%。医药卫生、铁路和电子行业的女性职工存在严重的生殖健康问题。应加强劳动保护，改善工作环境。
