Ketsuwan Nitinet, Leelarungrayub Jirakrit, Kothan Suchart, Singhatong Supawatchara
Department of Physical Therapy.
Department of Radiologic Technology.
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Feb 13;11:383-391. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S126882. eCollection 2017.
(VC) Less has been proposed as a medicinal plant with interesting activities, such as an aid for smoking cessation worldwide. Despite its previous clinical success in smoking cessation by exhibiting reduced oxidative stress, it has not been approved. The aim of this study was to investigate various antioxidant activity and active compounds that have not been approved, including the protective activity in human red blood cells (RBCs), from the stem, flower, and leaf extracts of VC Less in vitro. These extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity in scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for their active compounds: total tannin, five catechin (C) compounds (epicatechin gallate [ECG], C, epicatechin [EC], epigallocatechin gallate [EGCG], and (-)-epigallocatechin [EGC]), flavonoid, nitrite, nitrate, caffeine, and nicotine. Moreover, antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated in 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-treated RBCs. The results showed that the flower and leaf of VC Less had higher activity than the stem in scavenging DPPH radicals. The tannin content in the flower and leaf was higher than that in the stem. The leaf had the highest content of the five catechins (C, EC, EGCG, ECG, and EGC), the same as in the flavonoid, when compared to the stem and flower. Furthermore, the leaf extract had higher nitrate and nitrite than the stem. Nicotine content was found to be higher in the leaf when compared to the flower. In addition, the leaf showed protective activity in glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl, with a dose response in AAPH-oxidized RBCs, the same as in standard EGCG. Thus, this study concluded that radical scavenging and antioxidant compounds such as catechins, flavonoid, nitrate and nitrite, and nicotine are present in different VC Less parts and are included in the AAPH-oxidized RBC model.
少花紫金牛（VC Less）被认为是一种具有有趣活性的药用植物，例如在全球范围内有助于戒烟。尽管它之前在戒烟方面通过减轻氧化应激取得了临床成功，但尚未获得批准。本研究的目的是研究少花紫金牛茎、花和叶提取物中尚未被批准的各种抗氧化活性和活性化合物，包括在体外对人红细胞（RBC）的保护活性。对这些提取物进行了清除1,1 - 二苯基 - 2 - 苦基肼（DPPH）自由基的抗氧化活性测试，并通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析其活性化合物：总单宁、五种儿茶素（C）化合物（表儿茶素没食子酸酯[ECG]、C、表儿茶素[EC]、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯[EGCG]和（ - ） - 表没食子儿茶素[EGC]）、黄酮类、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、咖啡因和尼古丁。此外，在2,2'-偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐（AAPH）处理的红细胞中评估了提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明，少花紫金牛的花和叶在清除DPPH自由基方面比茎具有更高的活性。花和叶中的单宁含量高于茎。与茎和花相比，叶中五种儿茶素（C、EC、EGCG、ECG和EGC）的含量最高，黄酮类也是如此。此外，叶提取物中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量高于茎。与花相比，叶中的尼古丁含量更高。此外，叶在谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）和蛋白质羰基方面表现出保护活性，在AAPH氧化的红细胞中具有剂量反应，与标准EGCG相同。因此，本研究得出结论，少花紫金牛不同部位存在自由基清除和抗氧化化合物，如儿茶素、黄酮类、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐以及尼古丁，并包含在AAPH氧化的红细胞模型中。
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