Picchioni Marco M, Rijsdijk Fruhling, Toulopoulou Timothea, Chaddock Christopher, Cole James H, Ettinger Ulrich, Oses Ana, Metcalfe Hugo, Murray Robin M, McGuire Philip
From the St. Andrew's Academic Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK (Picchioni); the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK (Picchioni, Toulopoulou, Chaddock, Murray, McGuire); the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK (Picchioni, Metcalfe); the Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK (Rijsdijk); the Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Toulopoulou); the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK (Cole); the Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Ettinger); and the Centro de Salut Mental del Ripolles, Institut d'Assistencia Sanitaria de Girona, Girona, Spain (Oses).
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2017 Mar;42(2):122-130. doi: 10.1503/jpn.140277.
Reductions in whole brain and grey matter volumes are robust features of schizophrenia, yet their etiological influences are unclear.
We investigated the association between the genetic and environmental risk for schizophrenia and brain volumes. Whole brain, grey matter and white matter volumes were established from structural MRIs from twins varying in their zygosity and concordance for schizophrenia. Hippocampal volumes were measured manually. We conducted between-group testing and full genetic modelling.
We included 168 twins in our study. Whole brain, grey matter, white matter and right hippocampal volumes were smaller in twins with schizophrenia. Twin correlations were larger for whole brain, grey matter and white matter volumes in monozygotic than dizygotic twins and were significantly heritable, whereas hippocampal volume was the most environmentally sensitive. There was a significant phenotypic correlation between schizophrenia and reductions in all the brain volumes except for that of the left hippocampus. For whole brain, grey matter and the right hippocampus the etiological links with schizophrenia were principally associated with the shared familial environment. Lower birth weight and perinatal hypoxia were both associated with lower whole brain volume and with lower white matter and grey matter volumes, respectively.
Scan data were collected across 2 sites, and some groups were modest in size.
Whole brain, grey matter and right hippocampal volume reductions are linked to schizophrenia through correlated familial risk (i.e., the shared familial environment). The degree of influence of etiological factors varies between brain structures, leading to the possibility of a neuroanatomically specific etiological imprint.
全脑和灰质体积减少是精神分裂症的显著特征，但其病因影响尚不清楚。
我们研究了精神分裂症的遗传和环境风险与脑体积之间的关联。通过对不同同卵性和精神分裂症一致性的双胞胎的结构磁共振成像（MRI）确定全脑、灰质和白质体积。手动测量海马体体积。我们进行了组间测试和全基因建模。
我们的研究纳入了168对双胞胎。患有精神分裂症的双胞胎的全脑、灰质、白质和右侧海马体体积较小。同卵双胞胎的全脑、灰质和白质体积的双胞胎相关性大于异卵双胞胎，且具有显著的遗传性，而海马体体积对环境最为敏感。精神分裂症与除左侧海马体之外的所有脑体积减少之间存在显著的表型相关性。对于全脑、灰质和右侧海马体，与精神分裂症的病因联系主要与共同的家庭环境有关。较低的出生体重和围产期缺氧分别与较低的全脑体积以及较低的白质和灰质体积相关。
扫描数据在2个地点收集，一些组规模较小。
全脑、灰质和右侧海马体体积减少通过相关的家族风险（即共同的家庭环境）与精神分裂症相关联。病因因素的影响程度在不同脑结构之间有所不同，导致存在神经解剖学特异性病因印记的可能性。
