Landes Scott D, Wilder JeffriAnne, Williams Desiree
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, University of North Florida, United States.
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, University of North Florida, United States.
Soc Sci Med. 2017 Apr;179:36-44. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.030. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Research on veteran versus nonveteran mortality outcomes provides contrary results, with some studies reporting a veteran mortality advantage while others report a veteran mortality disadvantage. Life course scholars suggest these conflicting results may be explained by a crossover in the veteran-nonveteran mortality differential, with veterans having a mortality advantage during early and midlife and a mortality disadvantage during older age. We conducted discrete time hazard analysis of a veteran-nonveteran mortality crossover among black and white men in the United States by birth cohort using data from the 1986-2009(2011) National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality Files. Among men who turned age 18 during non-war eras, veterans had an early to midlife mortality advantage and later life mortality disadvantage, with differences more pronounced among black men. However, differences between veteran and nonveteran mortality risk were not significant among the majority of men who turned age 18 during war eras. Findings clarify that the mortality related benefits of military service may only apply to veterans who came of age during non-war eras. Furthermore, results suggest that military service may provide a greater mortality benefit to black veterans than white veterans.
对退伍军人与非退伍军人死亡率结果的研究得出了相互矛盾的结果，一些研究报告称退伍军人死亡率较低，而另一些研究则报告退伍军人死亡率较高。生命历程学者认为，这些相互矛盾的结果可能是由于退伍军人与非退伍军人死亡率差异的交叉现象所致，即退伍军人在中年早期死亡率较低，而在老年期死亡率较高。我们使用1986 - 2009（2011）年全国健康访谈调查-关联死亡率文件的数据，对美国按出生队列划分的黑人和白人男性退伍军人与非退伍军人死亡率交叉情况进行了离散时间风险分析。在非战争时期年满18岁的男性中，退伍军人在中年早期死亡率较低，而在晚年死亡率较高，这种差异在黑人男性中更为明显。然而，在战争时期年满18岁的大多数男性中，退伍军人与非退伍军人的死亡风险差异并不显著。研究结果表明，与服役相关的死亡率益处可能仅适用于在非战争时期成年的退伍军人。此外，结果表明，服役对黑人退伍军人的死亡率益处可能大于白人退伍军人。
