Akhnif E, Macq J, Idrissi Fakhreddine M O, Meessen B
Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco.
Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Brussels, Belgium.
Health Res Policy Syst. 2017 Mar 1;15(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12961-017-0176-x.
ᅟ: There is growing interest in the use of the management concept of a 'learning organisation'. The objective of this review is to explore work undertaken towards the application of this concept to the health sector in general and to reach the goal of universal health coverage in particular. Of interest are the exploration of evaluation frameworks and their application in health.
We used a scoping literature review based on the York methodology. We conducted an online search using selected keywords on some of the main databases on health science, selected websites and main reference books on learning organisations. We restricted the focus of our search on sources in the English language only. Inclusive and exclusive criteria were applied to arrive at a final list of articles, from which information was extracted and then selected and inserted in a chart.
We identified 263 articles and other documents from our search. From these, 50 articles were selected for a full analysis and 27 articles were used for the summary. The majority of the articles concerned hospital settings (15 articles, 55%). Seven articles (25%) were related to the application of the concept to the health centre setting. Four articles discussed the application of the concept to the health system (14%). Most of the applications involved high-income countries (21 articles, 78%), with only one article being related to a low-income country. We found 13 different frameworks that were applied to different health organisations.
The scoping review allowed us to assess applications of the learning organisation concept to the health sector to date. Such applications are still rare, but are increasingly being used. There is no uniform framework thus far, but convergence as for the dimensions that matter is increasing. Many methodological questions remain unanswered. We also identified a gap in terms of the use of this concept in low- and middle-income countries and to the health system as a whole.
人们对“学习型组织”管理理念的应用兴趣日益浓厚。本综述的目的是探讨将这一理念应用于整个卫生部门，特别是实现全民健康覆盖目标所开展的工作。感兴趣的是评估框架的探索及其在卫生领域的应用。
我们采用基于约克方法的范围综述。我们使用选定的关键词在一些主要的健康科学数据库、选定的网站以及关于学习型组织的主要参考书上进行在线搜索。我们将搜索重点仅限制在英文来源。应用纳入和排除标准得出最终文章列表，从中提取信息，然后进行筛选并插入图表。
我们通过搜索识别出263篇文章和其他文献。其中，50篇文章被选作全面分析，27篇文章用于总结。大多数文章涉及医院环境（15篇，55%）。七篇文章（25%）与该理念在健康中心环境中的应用相关。四篇文章讨论了该理念在卫生系统中的应用（14%）。大多数应用涉及高收入国家（21篇，78%），只有一篇文章与低收入国家相关。我们发现13种不同的框架应用于不同的卫生组织。
范围综述使我们能够评估学习型组织理念迄今为止在卫生部门的应用情况。此类应用仍然很少见，但使用频率在不断增加。目前尚无统一框架，但在重要维度上的趋同正在增加。许多方法学问题仍未得到解答。我们还发现，在低收入和中等收入国家以及整个卫生系统中，该理念的使用存在差距。
