LEQUiA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain.
LEQUiA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2017 May 15;193:503-511. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.041. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
Greywater is an important alternative water source, particularly in semi-arid, touristic areas, where the biggest water demand is usually in the dry period. By using this source wisely, tourist facilities can substantially reduce the pressure to scarce water resources. In densely urbanized touristic areas, where space has high value, compact solutions such as MBR based greywater reuse systems appear very appropriate. This research focuses on technical and economical evaluation of such solution by implementing a pilot MBR to a hotel with separated grey water. The pilot was operated for 6 months, with thorough characterisation of the GW performed, its operation was monitored and its energy consumption was optimized by applying a control system for the air scour. Based on the pilot operation a design and economic model was set to estimate the feasibility (CAPEX, OPEX, payback period of investment) of appropriate scales of MBR based GW systems, including separation of GW, MBR technology, clean water storage and disinfection. The model takes into account water and energy prices in Spain and a planning period of 20 years. The results demonstrated an excellent performance in terms of effluent quality, while the energy demand for air-scour was reduced by up to 35.2%, compared to the manufacturer recommendations. Economical evaluation of the entire MBR based GW reuse system shows its feasibility for sizes already at 5 m/day (60 PE). The payback period of the investment for hotels like the demonstration hotel, treating 30 m/day is 3 years.
灰水是一种重要的替代水源，特别是在半干旱、旅游地区，那里最大的用水需求通常在旱季。通过明智地利用这一资源，旅游设施可以大大减轻对稀缺水资源的压力。在人口密集的旅游地区，空间具有很高的价值，因此基于 MBR 的灰水再利用系统等紧凑型解决方案显得非常合适。本研究通过在一家有独立灰水的酒店中实施一个中试规模的 MBR，对该解决方案进行了技术和经济评估。该中试运行了 6 个月，对 GW 进行了全面的特性分析，对其运行进行了监测，并通过为空气擦洗应用控制系统来优化其能源消耗。根据中试运行的结果，建立了一个设计和经济模型，以评估适当规模的基于 MBR 的 GW 系统的可行性（CAPEX、OPEX、投资回收期），包括 GW 的分离、MBR 技术、清洁水储存和消毒。该模型考虑了西班牙的水价和电价以及 20 年的规划期。结果表明，该系统在出水质量方面表现出色，而与制造商的建议相比，空气擦洗的能源需求减少了 35.2%。整个基于 MBR 的 GW 再利用系统的经济评估表明，其对于 5m/d（60PE）的规模是可行的。对于像示范酒店这样处理 30m/d 的酒店，投资回收期为 3 年。
