Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Immunology and Allergy unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Trends Immunol. 2017 Sep;38(9):657-667. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2017.01.008. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
Mast cells are powerful immune modulators of the tissue microenvironment. Within seconds of activation, these cells release a variety of preformed biologically active products, followed by a wave of mediator synthesis and secretion. Increasing evidence suggests that an intricate network of inhibitory and activating receptors, specific signaling pathways, and adaptor proteins governs mast cell responsiveness to stimuli. Here, we discuss the biological and clinical relevance of negative and positive signaling modalities that control mast cell activation, with an emphasis on novel FcεRI regulators, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-independent pathways [e.g., Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2)], tetraspanins, and the CD300 family of inhibitory and activating receptors.
肥大细胞是组织微环境中强大的免疫调节剂。在激活后的几秒钟内，这些细胞释放各种预先形成的具有生物活性的产物，随后是一波介质的合成和分泌。越来越多的证据表明，抑制性和激活性受体、特定的信号通路和衔接蛋白的复杂网络控制着肥大细胞对刺激的反应性。在这里，我们讨论了控制肥大细胞活化的负信号和正信号模式的生物学和临床相关性，重点介绍了新型 FcεRI 调节剂、IgE 非依赖性途径[例如，Mas 相关 G 蛋白偶联受体 X2 (MRGPRX2)]、四跨膜蛋白和抑制性和激活性的 CD300 家族受体。
