Akkız Hikmet, Şimşek Halis, Balcı Deniz, Ülger Yakup, Onan Engin, Akçaer Nevin, Delik Anıl
Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Front Oncol. 2025 Mar 17;15:1564572. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1564572. eCollection 2025.
Inflammation, a hallmark of cancer, has been associated with tumor progression, transition into malignant phenotype and efficacy of anticancer treatments in cancer. It affects all stages of cancer, from the initiation of carcinogenesis to metastasis. Chronic inflammation induces immunosup-pression, providing an environment conducive to carcinogenesis, whereas acute inflammation induces an antitumor immune response, leading to tumor suppression. Solid tumors have an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) containing cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and soluble molecules, which plays a key role in tumor progression and therapy response. Both cancer cells and stromal cells in the TME are highly plastic and constantly change their phenotypic and functional properties. Cancer-associated inflammation, the majority of which consists of innate immune cells, plays an important role in cancer cell plasticity, cancer progression and the development of anticancer drug resistance. Today, with the combined used of advanced technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial molecular imaging analysis, the pathways linking chronic inflammation to cancer have been largely elucidated. In this review article, we highlighted the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in cancer-associated inflammation and its effects on cancer progression and treatment response. We also comprehensively review the mechanisms linking chronic inflammation to cancer in the setting of GI cancers.
炎症是癌症的一个标志，与肿瘤进展、向恶性表型的转变以及癌症中抗癌治疗的疗效相关。它影响癌症的各个阶段，从致癌作用的起始到转移。慢性炎症诱导免疫抑制，提供有利于致癌作用的环境，而急性炎症诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应，导致肿瘤抑制。实体瘤具有包含癌细胞、免疫细胞、基质细胞和可溶性分子的炎性肿瘤微环境（TME），其在肿瘤进展和治疗反应中起关键作用。TME中的癌细胞和基质细胞都具有高度可塑性，并不断改变其表型和功能特性。癌症相关炎症在癌细胞可塑性、癌症进展和抗癌耐药性的发展中起重要作用，其中大部分由先天免疫细胞组成。如今，随着单细胞RNA测序和空间分子成像分析等先进技术的联合应用，将慢性炎症与癌症联系起来的途径已在很大程度上得到阐明。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点介绍了癌症相关炎症所涉及的分子和细胞机制及其对癌症进展和治疗反应的影响。我们还全面综述了在胃肠道癌症背景下将慢性炎症与癌症联系起来的机制。
