Gil Fernando, Lagos-Moraga Sebastián, Calderón-Romero Paulina, Pizarro-Guajardo Marjorie, Paredes-Sabja Daniel
Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Anaerobe. 2017 Jun;45:3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.02.018. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic spore former, and an important nosocomial pathogenic bacterium. C. difficile spores are the morphotype of transmission and recurrence of the disease. The formation of C. difficile spores and their subsequent germination are essential processes during the infection. Recent in vitro and in vivo work has shed light on how spores are formed and the timing of in vivo sporulation in a mouse model. Advances have also been made in our understanding of the machineries involved in spore germination, and how antibiotic-induced dysbiosis affects the metabolism of bile salts and thus impacts C. difficile germination in vivo. Studies have also attempted to identify how C. difficile spores interact with the host's intestinal mucosa. Spore resistance has also been revisited by several groups highlighting the extreme resistance of this morphotype to traditional food processing regimes and disinfectants used in clinical settings. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize recent advances on spore formation/germination in vitro and in vivo, spore-host interactions, and spore resistance that contribute to our knowledge of the role of C. difficile spores in the infectious process.
艰难梭菌是一种革兰氏阳性、厌氧的产芽孢细菌，是一种重要的医院病原菌。艰难梭菌芽孢是该疾病传播和复发的形态类型。艰难梭菌芽孢的形成及其随后的萌发是感染过程中的关键环节。最近的体外和体内研究揭示了芽孢如何形成以及在小鼠模型中体内产孢的时间。在我们对参与芽孢萌发的机制以及抗生素诱导的生态失调如何影响胆盐代谢从而影响体内艰难梭菌萌发的理解方面也取得了进展。研究还试图确定艰难梭菌芽孢如何与宿主肠道黏膜相互作用。几个研究小组也重新审视了芽孢的抗性，强调了这种形态类型对传统食品加工方式和临床环境中使用的消毒剂具有极强的抗性。因此，本综述的目的是总结体外和体内芽孢形成/萌发、芽孢与宿主相互作用以及芽孢抗性方面的最新进展，这些进展有助于我们了解艰难梭菌芽孢在感染过程中的作用。
