Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 2017 May;51(9):704-731. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097331. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of mortality in athletes during sport. A variety of mostly hereditary, structural or electrical cardiac disorders are associated with SCD in young athletes, the majority of which can be identified or suggested by abnormalities on a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Whether used for diagnostic or screening purposes, physicians responsible for the cardiovascular care of athletes should be knowledgeable and competent in ECG interpretation in athletes. However, in most countries a shortage of physician expertise limits wider application of the ECG in the care of the athlete. A critical need exists for physician education in modern ECG interpretation that distinguishes normal physiological adaptations in athletes from distinctly abnormal findings suggestive of underlying pathology. Since the original 2010 European Society of Cardiology recommendations for ECG interpretation in athletes, ECG standards have evolved quickly, advanced by a growing body of scientific data and investigations that both examine proposed criteria sets and establish new evidence to guide refinements. On 26-27 February 2015, an international group of experts in sports cardiology, inherited cardiac disease, and sports medicine convened in Seattle, Washington (USA), to update contemporary standards for ECG interpretation in athletes. The objective of the meeting was to define and revise ECG interpretation standards based on new and emerging research and to develop a clear guide to the proper evaluation of ECG abnormalities in athletes. This statement represents an international consensus for ECG interpretation in athletes and provides expert opinion-based recommendations linking specific ECG abnormalities and the secondary evaluation for conditions associated with SCD.
心源性猝死（SCD）是运动员运动中死亡的主要原因。大多数遗传性、结构性或电源性心脏疾病与年轻运动员的 SCD 有关，其中大多数可以通过静息 12 导联心电图（ECG）的异常来识别或提示。无论用于诊断还是筛查目的，负责运动员心血管保健的医生都应该在运动员的 ECG 解释方面具有丰富的知识和能力。然而，在大多数国家，医生专业知识的短缺限制了 ECG 在运动员保健中的广泛应用。非常需要对医生进行现代 ECG 解释的教育，以区分运动员正常的生理适应与明显异常的发现，后者提示潜在的病理。自 2010 年欧洲心脏病学会最初发布运动员 ECG 解释建议以来，ECG 标准迅速发展，这得益于越来越多的科学数据和研究，这些数据和研究既检查了提出的标准集，又建立了新的证据来指导改进。2015 年 2 月 26 日至 27 日，一群运动心脏病学、遗传性心脏病和运动医学方面的国际专家在美国华盛顿州西雅图举行会议，更新运动员 ECG 解释的当代标准。会议的目的是根据新出现的研究定义和修订 ECG 解释标准，并制定一个明确的指南，以正确评估运动员的 ECG 异常。该声明代表了运动员 ECG 解释的国际共识，并提供了基于特定 ECG 异常和与 SCD 相关条件的二级评估的专家意见建议。
