Squeo Maria Rosaria, Ferrera Armando, Monosilio Sara, Spinelli Alessandro, Maestrini Viviana, Mango Federica, Serdoz Andrea, Zampaglione Domenico, Fiore Roberto, Pelliccia Antonio, Di Gioia Giuseppe
Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy.
Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 1;14(13):4655. doi: 10.3390/jcm14134655.
: ESC sports classification in 2020, based on cardiac morphological adaptations, may not fully reflect also the variations in functional parameters of athletes. This study aims to characterize CPET-derived physiological parameters in elite athletes according to the ESC classification and evaluate whether this morphological classification also corresponds to a functional categorization. : Elite athletes underwent pre-participation screening before the 2023 European Games and 2024 Olympic Games. Athletes were classified into four categories (skill, power, mixed and endurance). CPET was performed on a cycle ergometer using a ramp protocol, with measurements of VO max, heart rate, power output and ventilatory efficiency. : We enrolled 1033 athletes (46.8% females; mean 25.6 ± 5.2 years old) engaged in skill (14.1%), power (33.2%), mixed (33.3%) and endurance (19.4%) disciplines. O pulse showed an incremental significant increase ( < 0.0001) among sport categories (skill 14.9 ± 3.8 mL/beat; power 17.5 ± 4.6 mL/beat, mixed 19 ± 4.3 mL/beat and endurance 22.7 ± 5.8 mL/beat). The lowest V˙O2max was observed in skill disciplines (36.3 ± 7.9 mL/min/kg) whilst endurance ones showed the highest values (52.4 ± 9.7 mL/min/kg) ( < 0.0001). V˙O2max was higher in power compared to mixed (42 ± 7.7 mL/min/kg vs. 40.5 ± 5.8 mL/min/kg, = 0.005) disciplines with an overlapping amount between some mixed and power disciplines. No differences were found for VE max ( = 0.075). : Our study provided values of CPET parameters in elite athletes. Significant differences in CPET parameters were observed among different sports disciplines, with endurance athletes showing the highest absolute and relative values in all parameters. An overlap amount was noted between mixed and power categories, especially for relative maximal oxygen consumption.
2020年欧洲心脏病学会（ESC）的运动分类基于心脏形态适应情况，可能无法完全反映运动员功能参数的变化。本研究旨在根据ESC分类对精英运动员中通过心肺运动试验（CPET）得出的生理参数进行特征描述，并评估这种形态学分类是否也对应于功能分类。：精英运动员在2023年欧洲运动会和2024年奥运会前进行了参赛前筛查。运动员被分为四类（技巧类、力量类、混合类和耐力类）。使用斜坡方案在自行车测力计上进行CPET，测量最大摄氧量（VO₂max）、心率、功率输出和通气效率。：我们招募了1033名运动员（46.8%为女性；平均年龄25.6±5.2岁），他们从事技巧类（14.1%）、力量类（33.2%）、混合类（33.3%）和耐力类（19.4%）项目。每搏输出量在不同运动类别之间呈显著递增（P<0.0001）（技巧类14.9±3.8毫升/次；力量类17.5±4.6毫升/次，混合类19±4.3毫升/次，耐力类22.7±5.8毫升/次）。技巧类项目的最低最大摄氧量（V˙O₂max）被观察到（36.3±7.9毫升/分钟/千克），而耐力类项目显示出最高值（52.4±9.7毫升/分钟/千克）（P<0.0001）。与混合类项目相比，力量类项目的V˙O₂max更高（42±7.7毫升/分钟/千克对40.5±5.8毫升/分钟/千克，P = 0.005），一些混合类和力量类项目之间存在重叠。最大通气量（VE max）未发现差异（P = 0.075）。：我们的研究提供了精英运动员CPET参数的值。在不同运动项目之间观察到CPET参数存在显著差异，耐力类运动员在所有参数中显示出最高的绝对值和相对值。混合类和力量类之间存在重叠，特别是在相对最大摄氧量方面。
