Romani Bizhan, Allahbakhshi Elham
Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
Virus Genes. 2017 Jun;53(3):329-339. doi: 10.1007/s11262-017-1443-1. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
Similarly to other retroviruses, HIV-1 integrates its genome into the cellular chromosome. Expression of viral genes from the integrated viral DNA could then be regulated by the host genome. If the infected cell suppresses viral gene expression, the virus will undergo latency. The latently infected cells cannot be detected or cleared by the immune system since they do not express viral antigens. These cells remain undetected for several years, even under antiretroviral treatments. The silenced HIV-1 DNA could be reactivated under certain conditions. Despite the efficient use of antiretroviral drugs, HIV-1 latently infected cells remain the major obstacles to a permanent cure. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which HIV-1 establishes latency.
与其他逆转录病毒类似，HIV-1将其基因组整合到细胞染色体中。整合后的病毒DNA所表达的病毒基因随后可由宿主基因组进行调控。如果被感染的细胞抑制病毒基因表达，病毒就会进入潜伏状态。潜伏感染的细胞无法被免疫系统检测到或清除，因为它们不表达病毒抗原。即使在抗逆转录病毒治疗的情况下，这些细胞也能在数年时间里不被发现。沉默的HIV-1 DNA在某些条件下可能会重新激活。尽管抗逆转录病毒药物得到了有效使用，但HIV-1潜伏感染细胞仍然是实现永久性治愈的主要障碍。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了HIV-1建立潜伏状态的细胞和分子机制。
