Kottow Miguel
Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Med Health Care Philos. 2017 Sep;20(3):405-412. doi: 10.1007/s11019-017-9763-4.
Phenomenology in medicine's main contribution is to present a first-person narrative of illness, in an effort to aid medicine in reaching an accurate disease diagnosis and establishing a personal relationship with patients whose lived experience changes dramatically when severe disease and disabling condition is confirmed. Once disease is diagnosed, the lived experience of illness is reconstructed into a living-with-disease narrative that medicine's biological approach has widely neglected. Key concepts like health, sickness, illness, disease and the clinical encounter are being diversely and ambiguously used, leading to distortions in socio-medical practices such as medicalization, pharmaceuticalization, emphasis on surveillance medicine. Current definitions of these concepts as employed in phenomenology of medicine are revised, concluding that more stringent semantics ought to reinforce an empirical phenomenological or postphenomenological approach.
现象学在医学中的主要贡献在于呈现疾病的第一人称叙述,以帮助医学做出准确的疾病诊断,并与患者建立个人关系,因为当确诊患有严重疾病和致残状况时,患者的生活经历会发生巨大变化。一旦疾病被诊断出来,疾病的生活经历就会被重构为一种与疾病共存的叙述,而医学的生物学方法对此普遍忽视。诸如健康、疾病、病患、病症以及临床遭遇等关键概念的使用存在多样性和模糊性,导致了社会医疗实践中的扭曲,如医学化、药物化、对监测医学的强调等。对医学现象学中这些概念的当前定义进行了修订,得出结论认为更严格的语义学应该强化经验现象学或后现象学方法。