Bart Sylvain, Laurent Céline, Péry Alexandre R R, Mougin Christian, Pelosi Céline
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France.
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 Jun;140:177-184. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.052. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
The use of pesticides in crop fields may have negative effects on soil Oligochaeta Annelida, i.e., earthworms and enchytraeids, and thus affect soil quality. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of two commercial fungicide formulations on the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa and the enchytraeid Enchytraeus albidus in a natural soil. The fungicides were Cuprafor micro® (copper oxychloride), commonly used in organic farming, and Swing Gold® (epoxiconazole and dimoxystrobin), a synthetic fungicide widely used in conventional farming to protect cereal crops. Laboratory experiments were used to assess the survival, biomass loss and avoidance behaviour. No lethal effect was observed following exposure to the copper fungicide for 14 days, even at 5000mgkg of copper, i.e. 650 times the recommended dose (RD). However, a significant decrease in biomass was observed from 50mgkg of copper (6.5 times the RD) for A. caliginosa and at 5000mgkg of copper (650 times the RD) for E. albidus. These sublethal effects suggest that a longer period of exposure would probably have led to lethal effects. The EC50 avoidance for the copper fungicide was estimated to be 51.2mgkg of copper (6.7 times the RD) for A. caliginosa, and 393mgkg of copper (51 times the RD) for E. albidus. For the Swing Gold® fungicide, the estimated LC50 was 7.0 10mLkg (6.3 times the RD) for A. caliginosa and 12.7 10mLkg (11.0 times the RD) for E. albidus. No effect on biomass or avoidance was observed at sublethal concentrations of this synthetic fungicide. It was concluded that enchytraeids were less sensitive than earthworms to the two commercial fungicides in terms of mortality, biomass loss and avoidance behaviour. Therefore we discuss the different strategies possibly used by the two Oligochaeta species to cope with the presence of the pesticides were discussed, along with the potential consequences on the soil functions.
在农田中使用农药可能会对土壤寡毛纲环节动物，即蚯蚓和线蚓产生负面影响，进而影响土壤质量。本研究的目的是评估两种市售杀菌剂制剂对天然土壤中蚯蚓背暗异唇蚓和白线蚓的影响。这两种杀菌剂分别是常用于有机农业的Cuprafor micro®（碱式氯化铜），以及广泛用于传统农业以保护谷类作物的合成杀菌剂Swing Gold®（戊唑醇和嘧菌酯）。通过实验室实验来评估存活率、生物量损失和回避行为。暴露于铜杀菌剂14天后，即使在5000mg/kg的铜含量下，即推荐剂量（RD）的650倍，也未观察到致死效应。然而，对于背暗异唇蚓，从50mg/kg的铜含量（RD的6.5倍）开始观察到生物量显著下降；对于白线蚓，在5000mg/kg的铜含量（RD的650倍）时生物量显著下降。这些亚致死效应表明，更长时间的暴露可能会导致致死效应。铜杀菌剂对背暗异唇蚓的EC50回避值估计为51.2mg/kg的铜（RD的6.7倍），对白线蚓为393mg/kg的铜（RD的51倍）。对于Swing Gold®杀菌剂，估计的LC50对背暗异唇蚓为7.0×10mL/kg（RD的6.3倍），对白线蚓为12.7×10mL/kg（RD的11.0倍）。在该合成杀菌剂的亚致死浓度下，未观察到对生物量或回避行为的影响。得出的结论是，在线蚓死亡率、生物量损失和回避行为方面，线蚓比蚯蚓对这两种市售杀菌剂的敏感性更低。因此，我们讨论了两种寡毛纲物种可能用于应对农药存在的不同策略，以及对土壤功能的潜在影响。
