Sander Willem J, O'Neill Hester G, Pohl Carolina H
Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Front Physiol. 2017 Feb 14;8:89. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00089. eCollection 2017.
Viral infections are a major cause of infectious diseases worldwide. Inflammation and the immune system are the major host defenses against these viral infection. Prostaglandin E (PGE), an eicosanoid generated by cyclooxygenases, has been shown to modulate inflammation and the immune system by regulating the expression/concentration of cytokines. The effect of PGE on viral infection and replication is cell type- and virus-family-dependent. The host immune system can be modulated by PGE, with regards to immunosuppression, inhibition of nitrogen oxide (NO) production, inhibition of interferon (IFN) and apoptotic pathways, and inhibition of viral receptor expression. Furthermore, PGE can play a role in viral infection directly by increasing the production and release of virions, inhibiting viral binding and replication, and/or stimulating viral gene expression. PGE may also have a regulatory role in the induction of autoimmunity and in signaling via Toll-like receptors. In this review the known effects of PGE on the pathogenesis of various infections caused by herpes simplex virus, rotavirus, influenza A virus and human immunodeficiency virus as well the therapeutic potential of PGE are discussed.
病毒感染是全球传染病的主要病因。炎症和免疫系统是宿主抵御这些病毒感染的主要防线。前列腺素E（PGE）是一种由环氧化酶产生的类二十烷酸，已被证明可通过调节细胞因子的表达/浓度来调节炎症和免疫系统。PGE对病毒感染和复制的影响取决于细胞类型和病毒家族。PGE可调节宿主免疫系统，包括免疫抑制、抑制一氧化氮（NO）生成、抑制干扰素（IFN）和凋亡途径，以及抑制病毒受体表达。此外，PGE可通过增加病毒粒子的产生和释放、抑制病毒结合和复制，和/或刺激病毒基因表达，直接在病毒感染中发挥作用。PGE在自身免疫诱导和通过Toll样受体的信号传导中也可能具有调节作用。在这篇综述中，讨论了PGE对由单纯疱疹病毒、轮状病毒、甲型流感病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒引起的各种感染发病机制的已知影响以及PGE的治疗潜力。
