School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Glob Chang Biol. 2017 Nov;23(11):4497-4507. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13676. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
The potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis are economically important plant pathogens causing losses to UK potato harvests estimated at £50 m/ year. Implications of climate change on their future pest status have not been fully considered. Here, we report growth of female G. pallida and G. rostochiensis over the range 15 to 25°C. Females per plant and their fecundity declined progressively with temperatures above 17.5°C for G. pallida, whilst females per plant were optimal between 17.5 and 22.5°C for G. rostochiensis. Relative reproductive success with temperature was confirmed on two potato cultivars infected with either species at 15, 22.5 and 25°C. The reduced reproductive success of G. pallida at 22.5°C relative to 15°C was also recorded for a further seven host cultivars studied. The differences in optimal temperatures for reproductive success may relate to known differences in the altitude of their regions of origin in the Andes. Exposure of G. pallida to a diurnal temperature stress for one week during female growth significantly suppressed subsequent growth for one week at 17.5°C but had no effect on G. rostochiensis. However, after two weeks of recovery, female size was not significantly different from that for the control treatment. Future soil temperatures were simulated for medium- and high-emission scenarios and combined with nematode growth data to project future implications of climate change for the two species. Increased soil temperatures associated with climate change may reduce the pest status of G. pallida but benefit G. rostochiensis especially in the southern United Kingdom. We conclude that plant breeders may be able to exploit the thermal limits of G. pallida by developing potato cultivars able to grow under future warm summer conditions. Existing widely deployed resistance to G. rostochiensis is an important characteristic to retain for new potato cultivars.
马铃薯金线虫（Globodera pallida 和 G. rostochiensis）是具有经济重要性的植物病原体，每年给英国马铃薯收成造成约 5000 万英镑的损失。气候变化对它们未来的害虫地位的影响尚未得到充分考虑。在这里，我们报告了雌性 G. pallida 和 G. rostochiensis 在 15 到 25°C 范围内的生长情况。对于 G. pallida，每株植物的雌性数量及其生育力随着温度高于 17.5°C 而逐渐下降，而对于 G. rostochiensis，每株植物的雌性数量在 17.5 和 22.5°C 之间最佳。在 15、22.5 和 25°C 下感染这两个物种的两种马铃薯品种上，通过温度证实了相对繁殖成功率。在进一步研究的七个宿主品种中，还记录到 22.5°C 时 G. pallida 的繁殖成功率相对于 15°C 时降低。生殖成功的最佳温度差异可能与它们在安第斯山脉起源地区的海拔已知差异有关。在雌性生长期间，G. pallida 暴露于一周的昼夜温度应激显著抑制了随后在 17.5°C 下的一周生长，但对 G. rostochiensis 没有影响。然而，经过两周的恢复，雌性大小与对照处理没有显著差异。未来的土壤温度根据中排放和高排放情景进行了模拟，并结合线虫生长数据，预测了未来气候变化对这两个物种的影响。与气候变化相关的土壤温度升高可能会降低 G. pallida 的害虫地位，但对 G. rostochiensis 有利，尤其是在英国南部。我们得出结论，种植者可能能够通过开发能够在未来温暖夏季条件下生长的马铃薯品种来利用 G. pallida 的热限制。现有的广泛部署的对 G. rostochiensis 的抗性是保留新马铃薯品种的一个重要特征。
