Eisenberg Nancy, VanSchyndel Sarah K, Spinrad Tracy L
Arizona State University.
Child Dev. 2016 Nov;87(6):1668-1678. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12638.
Because motivations for prosocial actions typically are unclear, sometimes even to actors but especially for observers, it is difficult to study prosocial motivation. This article reviews research that provides evidence regarding children's motives for prosocial behaviors. First, we present a heuristic model to classify motives on the dimension of reflecting altruistic (with the ultimate goal of benefiting another) to egoism (the ultimate goal of benefiting the self) goals; in addition, we briefly discuss classifying motives based on a continuum of morality. Next, we review findings indicating the existence of a number of different motives in our model and briefly discuss developmental issues, when possible. Future directions for the study of prosocial motivation are proposed.
由于亲社会行为的动机通常不明确，有时甚至连行为者自己都不清楚，对于观察者来说更是如此，因此很难研究亲社会动机。本文回顾了一些研究，这些研究提供了有关儿童亲社会行为动机的证据。首先，我们提出一个启发式模型，在从利他主义（最终目标是使他人受益）到利己主义（最终目标是使自己受益）的目标维度上对动机进行分类；此外，我们简要讨论基于道德连续体对动机进行分类。接下来，我们回顾了表明我们模型中存在多种不同动机的研究结果，并在可能的情况下简要讨论发展问题。最后提出了亲社会动机研究的未来方向。
