Livornese Karen, Vedder Jena
US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (Ms Livornese); and Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia (Ms Vedder).
Nurs Adm Q. 2017 Apr/Jun;41(2):144-150. doi: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000221.
In a world after 9/11, Hurricane Katrina, and Sandy Hook, plenty of literature has emerged on the subject of disaster management, but little is specific to the emotional well-being of the health care staff dedicated to serve during a crisis. Disasters, whether natural or man-made, are episodic but becoming more frequent. Nurses may find themselves in hospitals affected by a disaster, awaiting a surge of patients while supplied with only limited resources. Or, they may be deployed to austere environments where they are challenged to operate clinics, surrounded by the rubble of an earthquake. In these situations, nurse leaders need to ensure that staff members are trained to be effective disaster health care resources before crises occur. Training includes education on what nurses may observe, how they will be utilized in an emergency situation, and how they can best handle a chaotic environment, both during and after the event, in a manner that will help them keep their emotions in balance. Training before a disaster will help nurse responders develop a plan for their personal responsibilities so they can focus on the mission. The time to start training is not when the disater occurs. In a chaotic environment, most nurses will not have the necessary reserves to begin learning new concepts. Prepared nurses and their leaders must be ready to use their training prior to any crisis. They need to be able to assess that their colleagues are not suffering because of lack of sleep, food, or emotional support. Even after a disaster has initially been resolved, and nurse responders have returned to their families, nurse leaders need to follow up with their team. It may actually be during the postcrisis period that nurse responders need the most emotional support.
在9·11事件、卡特里娜飓风和桑迪胡克小学枪击案之后的世界里，涌现出了大量关于灾难管理的文献，但针对在危机期间致力于服务的医护人员的情感福祉的具体内容却很少。灾难，无论是自然的还是人为的，都是偶发的，但却越来越频繁。护士们可能会发现自己身处受灾难影响的医院，在资源有限的情况下等待大量患者涌入。或者，他们可能会被部署到艰苦的环境中，在那里他们要在地震废墟包围的情况下挑战开设诊所。在这些情况下，护士领导者需要确保工作人员在危机发生前接受培训，成为有效的灾难医疗资源。培训包括教导护士可能会观察到什么、在紧急情况下他们将如何被利用，以及他们如何在事件期间和之后以有助于保持情绪平衡的方式最好地应对混乱的环境。灾难发生前的培训将帮助护士应急人员制定个人职责计划，以便他们能够专注于任务。开始培训的时机不是在灾难发生时。在混乱的环境中，大多数护士没有必要的储备来开始学习新的概念。有备而来的护士及其领导者必须准备好在任何危机之前运用他们的培训。他们需要能够评估同事们没有因为睡眠不足、食物短缺或缺乏情感支持而受苦。即使在灾难最初得到解决，护士应急人员回到家人身边之后，护士领导者也需要跟进他们的团队。实际上，护士应急人员可能在危机后时期最需要情感支持。
