Mendez Mario F
From the Department of Neurology and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (MFM); and Neurology Service, Neurobehavior Unit, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (MFM).
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017 Spring;29(2):86-94. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16030051. Epub 2017 Mar 7.
Differences in political ideology are a major source of human disagreement and conflict. There is increasing evidence that neurobiological mechanisms mediate individual differences in political ideology through effects on a conservative-liberal axis. This review summarizes personality, evolutionary and genetic, cognitive, neuroimaging, and neurological studies of conservatism-liberalism and discusses how they might affect political ideology. What emerges from this highly variable literature is evidence for a normal right-sided "conservative-complex" involving structures sensitive to negativity bias, threat, disgust, and avoidance. This conservative-complex may be damaged with brain disease, sometimes leading to a pathological "liberal shift" or a reduced tendency to conservatism in political ideology. Although not deterministic, these findings recommend further research on politics and the brain.
政治意识形态的差异是人类分歧和冲突的主要根源。越来越多的证据表明，神经生物学机制通过对保守-自由轴的影响来调节政治意识形态的个体差异。本综述总结了关于保守主义-自由主义的人格、进化与遗传、认知、神经影像学和神经学研究，并讨论了它们如何可能影响政治意识形态。从这一高度多样化的文献中得出的结论是，存在一个正常的右侧“保守复合体”的证据，该复合体涉及对消极偏见、威胁、厌恶和回避敏感的结构。这种保守复合体可能因脑部疾病而受损，有时会导致病理性的“自由主义转变”或政治意识形态中保守主义倾向的降低。尽管这些发现并非决定性的，但它们建议对政治与大脑进行进一步研究。
