Kuhz Henning, Kuenz Anja, Prüße Ulf, Willke Thomas, Vorlop Klaus-Dieter
Thünen-Institute of Agricultural Technology, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2019;166:339-372. doi: 10.1007/10_2016_74.
Alcohols (CHOH) are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, which can be branched or unbranched. They can also feature more than one OH-group (two OH-groups = diol; three OH-groups = triol). Presently, except for ethanol and sugar alcohols, they are mainly produced from fossil-based resources, such as petroleum, gas, and coal. Methanol and ethanol have the highest annual production volume accounting for 53 and 91 million tons/year, respectively. Most alcohols are used as fuels (e.g., ethanol), solvents (e.g., butanol), and chemical intermediates.This chapter gives an overview of recent research on the production of short-chain unbranched alcohols (C1-C5), focusing in particular on propanediols (1,2- and 1,3-propanediol), butanols, and butanediols (1,4- and 2,3-butanediol). It also provides a short summary on biobased higher alcohols (>C5) including branched alcohols.
醇类（CHOH）分为伯醇、仲醇和叔醇，它们可以是支链的或直链的。它们也可以含有不止一个羟基（两个羟基 = 二醇；三个羟基 = 三醇）。目前，除了乙醇和糖醇外，它们主要由化石资源生产，如石油、天然气和煤炭。甲醇和乙醇的年产量最高，分别为5300万吨/年和9100万吨/年。大多数醇类用作燃料（如乙醇）、溶剂（如丁醇）和化学中间体。本章概述了短链直链醇（C1-C5）生产的最新研究，特别关注丙二醇（1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇）、丁醇和丁二醇（1,4-丁二醇和2,3-丁二醇）。它还简要总结了生物基高级醇（>C5），包括支链醇。
