Hassan Fardos A M, Ali Mohamed A, El-Tarabany Mahmoud S
Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, El-Zeraa str. 114, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Apr;24(11):10258-10266. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8686-1. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
In order to enhance the profitability of dairy buffaloes, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the factors affecting their reproduction and milk production ability. Thus, the objective of this study was to elucidate the economic impacts of calving season and parity on reproduction and production indices of Egyptian dairy buffaloes (1180) reared under subtropical environmental conditions. Buffaloes calving in the autumn season had lesser days open, calving interval, and service per conception (108.25 days, 414.16 days, and 1.67, respectively), while spring calvers showed the greater calculations (210.27 days, 522.82 days, and 2.39, respectively). The buffaloes calving for the first time had the longest days open, calving interval, and number of services per conception among different parities (176.21 days, 490.05 days, and 2.18, respectively), then decreased thereafter. Furthermore, buffaloes calving in the winter season had the significantly highest total milk yield, milk revenue, total revenue, profit, and profit/cost ratio (1981.4 kg, 1769.1 $, 2019.5 $, 662.9 $, and 0.49, respectively) in comparison with other seasons. The total milk yield, lactation period, profit, and profit/cost ratio were increased to reach the peak values in the fourth parity (2051.5 kg, 252.44 days, 674.8 $, and 0.48, respectively), then decreased thereafter. In conclusion, buffaloes at the fourth parity and those calving in the winter season had the best milk yield, milk revenue, total revenue, and profit/cost ratio. Therefore, breeders must pay more attention to calving season and parity as they play an important role in the farm profitability and productivity and should counteract the adverse effects of periodical and seasonal changes. It is recommended to make estrus synchronization for more calvings in the winter season. Finally, choose the best lifetime for keeping the animal in production.
为提高奶水牛的盈利能力，有必要了解影响其繁殖和产奶能力的因素。因此，本研究的目的是阐明产犊季节和胎次对亚热带环境条件下饲养的埃及奶水牛（1180头）繁殖和生产指标的经济影响。秋季产犊的水牛空怀天数、产犊间隔和每次受孕配种次数较少（分别为108.25天、414.16天和1.67次），而春季产犊的水牛这些指标较高（分别为210.27天、522.82天和2.39次）。首次产犊的水牛在不同胎次中空怀天数最长、产犊间隔最长且每次受孕配种次数最多（分别为176.21天、490.05天和2.18次），之后逐渐减少。此外，与其他季节相比，冬季产犊的水牛总产奶量、产奶收入、总收入、利润和利润/成本比显著最高（分别为1981.4千克、1769.1美元、2019.5美元、662.9美元和0.49）。总产奶量、泌乳期、利润和利润/成本比在第四胎次达到峰值（分别为2051.5千克、252.44天、674.8美元和0.48），之后下降。总之，第四胎次且冬季产犊的水牛产奶量、产奶收入、总收入和利润/成本比最佳。因此，养殖者必须更加关注产犊季节和胎次，因为它们对农场盈利能力和生产力起着重要作用，应抵消周期性和季节性变化的不利影响。建议在冬季进行发情同步以使更多水牛产犊。最后，选择最佳的养殖寿命以保持动物持续生产。
