Dellarco M, Zaleski R, Gaborek B J, Qian H, Bellin C A, Egeghy P, Heard N, Jolliet O, Lander D R, Sunger N, Stylianou K S, Tanir J Y
a National Children?s Study, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda , MD , USA.
b Occupational and Public Health Division, ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc , Annandale , NJ , USA.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 2017 Apr;47(4):317-341. doi: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1270255. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
The ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Risk Assessment in the Twenty-first Century (RISK21) project was initiated to address and catalyze improvements in human health risk assessment. RISK21 is a problem formulation-based conceptual roadmap and risk matrix visualization tool, facilitating transparent evaluation of both hazard and exposure components. The RISK21 roadmap is exposure-driven, that is, exposure is used as the second step (after problem formulation) to define and focus the assessment. This paper describes the exposure tiers of the RISK21 matrix and the approaches to adapt readily available information to more quickly inform exposure at a screening level. In particular, exposure look-up tables were developed from available exposure tools (European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) Targeted Risk Assessment (TRA) for worker exposure, ECETOC TRA, European Solvents Industry Group (ESIG) Generic Exposure Scenario (GES) Risk and Exposure Tool (EGRET) for consumer exposure, and USEtox for indirect exposure to humans via the environment) and were tested in a hypothetical mosquito bed netting case study. A detailed WHO risk assessment for a similar mosquito net use served as a benchmark for the performance of the RISK21 approach. The case study demonstrated that the screening methodologies provided suitable conservative exposure estimates for risk assessment. The results of this effort showed that the RISK21 approach is useful for defining future assessment efforts, focusing assessment activities and visualizing results.
国际生命科学学会健康与环境科学研究所（HESI）的“21世纪风险评估（RISK21）”项目旨在应对并推动人类健康风险评估的改进。RISK21是一种基于问题表述的概念路线图和风险矩阵可视化工具，有助于对危害和暴露要素进行透明评估。RISK21路线图以暴露为驱动，也就是说，暴露被用作第二步（在问题表述之后）来定义和聚焦评估。本文描述了RISK21矩阵的暴露层级，以及采用现成信息以便在筛查层面更快地提供暴露信息的方法。特别是，暴露查找表是根据现有的暴露工具编制而成（欧洲化学品生态毒理学中心（ECETOC）针对工人暴露的目标风险评估（TRA）、ECETOC的TRA、欧洲溶剂工业集团（ESIG）的通用暴露情景（GES）风险与暴露工具（EGRET）用于消费者暴露，以及USEtox用于通过环境对人类的间接暴露），并在一个假设的蚊帐案例研究中进行了测试。世界卫生组织针对类似蚊帐使用情况的详细风险评估用作RISK21方法性能的基准。案例研究表明，筛查方法为风险评估提供了合适的保守暴露估计。这项工作的结果表明，RISK21方法对于定义未来的评估工作、聚焦评估活动以及可视化结果很有用。
