Cutruzzolà Francesca, Giardina Giorgio, Marani Marina, Macone Alberto, Paiardini Alessandro, Rinaldo Serena, Paone Alessio
Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy.
Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma Rome, Italy.
Front Physiol. 2017 Feb 21;8:97. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00097. eCollection 2017.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in western country males but the mechanisms involved in the transformation processes have not been clearly elucidated. Alteration in cellular metabolism in cancer cells is recognized as a hallmark of malignant transformation, although it is becoming clear that the biological features of metabolic reprogramming not only differ in different cancers, but also among different cells in a type of cancer. Normal prostate epithelial cells have a peculiar and very inefficient energy metabolism as they use glucose to synthesize citrate that is secreted as part of the seminal liquid. During the transformation process, prostate cancer cells modify their energy metabolism from inefficient to highly efficient, often taking advantage of the interaction with other cell types in the tumor microenvironment that are corrupted to produce and secrete metabolic intermediates used by cancer cells in catabolic and anabolic processes. We recapitulate the metabolic transformations occurring in the prostate from the normal cell to the metastasis, highlighting the role of the microenvironment and summarizing what is known on the molecular mechanisms involved in the process.
前列腺癌是西方国家男性中最常见的癌症类型之一，但癌细胞转化过程所涉及的机制尚未完全阐明。尽管目前越来越清楚代谢重编程的生物学特征不仅在不同癌症中有所不同，而且在同一类型癌症的不同细胞之间也存在差异，但癌细胞中的细胞代谢改变仍被认为是恶性转化的一个标志。正常前列腺上皮细胞具有独特且效率极低的能量代谢方式，它们利用葡萄糖合成柠檬酸盐，并作为精液的一部分分泌出去。在转化过程中，前列腺癌细胞将其能量代谢从低效转变为高效，这通常得益于与肿瘤微环境中其他细胞类型的相互作用，这些细胞已发生病变，能够产生并分泌癌细胞在分解代谢和合成代谢过程中所利用的代谢中间体。我们概述了前列腺从正常细胞到转移过程中发生的代谢转变，强调了微环境的作用，并总结了该过程中所涉及分子机制的已知情况。
