Johar Dina R, Bernstein Larry H
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Triplex Consulting, 54 Firethorn Lane, Northampton, MA 01060, USA.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Apr;126:222-229. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.02.023. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
This review illustrates the relationship of oxidative and nitrative stress to diabetes mellitus and its complications. This is of considerable interest because diabetes mellitus is a lifetime systemic metabolic disease that may have childhood or adult onset and affects not only a triad of pancreatic islet cell insulin, pituitary insulin-like growth hormone, and liver steatosis, it has a long-term association with adiposity, atherosclerosis, coronary vascular disease, kidney disease of the nature afferent arteriolar sclerosis and nodular glomerulosclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, and amyloid deposition in the pancreas and kidney. Only at the end of the 20th century do we gain insight into oxidative and nitrative stress and their consequences. Of special interest here is the fact that reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals are with us generated throughout the life cycle, and the roles for glutathione and Fe are key elements in the metabolic picture, which brings into the picture dietary factors. More research is required to demonstrate the clinical relivance of naturally-occuring whole-food antioxidants in ameliorating human diabetic complications in vivo.
本综述阐述了氧化应激和硝化应激与糖尿病及其并发症之间的关系。这一点颇受关注，因为糖尿病是一种终身性的全身性代谢疾病，可在儿童期或成年期发病，不仅会影响胰岛细胞胰岛素、垂体胰岛素样生长激素和肝脏脂肪变性这三者，还与肥胖、动脉粥样硬化、冠状动脉血管疾病、具有入球小动脉硬化和结节性肾小球硬化性质的肾脏疾病、脑血管疾病以及胰腺和肾脏中的淀粉样蛋白沉积长期相关。直到20世纪末，我们才深入了解氧化应激和硝化应激及其后果。这里特别值得关注的是，活性氧和氮自由基在我们的整个生命周期中都会产生，而谷胱甘肽和铁的作用是代谢情况中的关键因素，这就涉及到了饮食因素。需要更多研究来证明天然全食物抗氧化剂在改善人类糖尿病并发症方面的临床相关性。
