Stable isotope mass balances versus concentration differences of dissolved inorganic carbon - implications for tracing carbon turnover in reservoirs.

The aim of this study was to identify sources of carbon turnover using stable isotope mass balances. For this purpose, two pre-reservoirs in the Harz Mountains (Germany) were investigated for their dissolved and particulate carbon contents (dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon) together with their stable carbon isotope ratios. DIC concentration depth profiles from March 2012 had an average of 0.33 mmol L. Increases in DIC concentrations later on in the year often corresponded with decreases in its carbon isotope composition (δC) with the most negative value of -18.4 ‰ in September. This led to a carbon isotope mass balance with carbon isotope inputs of -28.5 ‰ from DOC and -23.4, -31.8 and -30.7 ‰ from algae, terrestrial and sedimentary matter, respectively. Best matches between calculated and measured DIC gains were achieved when using the isotope composition of algae. This shows that this type of organic material is most likely responsible for carbon additions to the DIC pool when its concentrations and δC values correlate negatively. The presented isotope mass balance is transferable to other surface water and groundwater systems for quantification of organic matter turnover.