Radel Rémi, Fournier Marion
a LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur , Nice , France.
Memory. 2017 Oct;25(9):1217-1224. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2017.1282519. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
We investigated the effects of sensory reduction on the retrieval of information during tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experiences. As conscious access results from severe competition in which external stimuli often have priority, we hypothesised that reducing external stimulation would allow individuals greater access to weakly activated inner knowledge. In Study 1, when participants experienced a TOT while answering a general knowledge question, they were given additional time to find the solution in a restricted (eyes closed + silence) or a non-restricted (eyes open + ambient noise) external stimulation environment. Results indicated that knowledge was more often retrieved when external stimulation was restricted than when not restricted. This result was replicated in a second study. Using an independent manipulation of the level of auditory and visual stimulation, Study 2 also indicated that the presence of visual stimulation was more disruptive for TOT resolution than the presence of auditory stimulation. Overall, the findings suggest that sensory restriction (especially of visual stimuli) facilitates the retrieval of weakly accessible knowledge through a greater processing of inner stimuli.
我们研究了感觉输入减少对舌尖（TOT）体验中信息提取的影响。由于意识通达源于激烈的竞争，在此过程中外部刺激往往占据优先地位，因此我们推测减少外部刺激将使个体能够更好地获取激活程度较弱的内在知识。在研究1中，当参与者在回答常识问题时经历舌尖现象，他们被给予额外时间，在受限（闭眼+安静）或不受限（睁眼+环境噪音）的外部刺激环境中寻找答案。结果表明，与不受限时相比，受限的外部刺激下知识的提取更为频繁。这一结果在第二项研究中得到了重复验证。研究2通过对听觉和视觉刺激水平进行独立操控，还表明视觉刺激的存在比听觉刺激的存在对舌尖现象的解决更具干扰性。总体而言，研究结果表明感觉输入受限（尤其是视觉刺激）通过对内在刺激进行更多的加工，促进了难以获取的知识的提取。
