Department of Neurology, W. M. Keck Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2011 Dec;18(6):1090-7. doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0169-7.
Recent research has revealed that the presence of irrelevant visual information during retrieval of long-term memories diminishes recollection of task-relevant visual details. Here, we explored the impact of irrelevant auditory information on remembering task-relevant visual details by probing recall of the same previously viewed images while participants were in complete silence, exposed to white noise, or exposed to ambient sounds recorded at a busy café. The presence of auditory distraction diminished objective recollection of goal-relevant details, relative to the silence and white noise conditions. Critically, a comparison with results from a previous study using visual distractors showed equivalent effects for auditory and visual distraction. These findings suggest that disruption of recollection by external stimuli is a domain-general phenomenon produced by interference between resource-limited, top-down mechanisms that guide the selection of mnemonic details and control processes that mediate our interactions with external distractors.
最近的研究表明，在回忆长期记忆时出现不相关的视觉信息会减少对任务相关视觉细节的回忆。在这里，我们通过在参与者完全安静、暴露在白噪声或暴露于嘈杂咖啡馆记录的环境声音中时探测对相同先前观看的图像的回忆，来探索不相关的听觉信息对记住任务相关视觉细节的影响。与安静和白噪声条件相比，听觉干扰的存在降低了对目标相关细节的客观回忆。至关重要的是，与使用视觉干扰物的先前研究结果进行比较表明，听觉和视觉干扰物具有相同的效果。这些发现表明，外部刺激对回忆的干扰是一种普遍现象，是指导记忆细节选择的资源有限的自上而下机制与调节我们与外部干扰物相互作用的控制过程之间的干扰产生的。
