Tyne Julian A, Johnston David W, Christiansen Fredrik, Bejder Lars
Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences , Murdoch University , South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia , Australia.
Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Laboratory Road, Beaufort, NC, USA.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Jan 11;4(1):160626. doi: 10.1098/rsos.160626. eCollection 2017 Jan.
Selective forces shape the evolution of wildlife behavioural strategies and influence the spatial and temporal partitioning of behavioural activities to maximize individual fitness. Globally, wildlife is increasingly exposed to human activities which may affect their behavioural activities. The ability of wildlife to compensate for the effects of human activities may have implications for their resilience to disturbance. Resilience theory suggests that behavioural systems which are constrained in their repertoires are less resilient to disturbance than flexible systems. Using behavioural time-series data, we show that spinner dolphins () spatially and temporally partition their behavioural activities on a daily basis. Specifically, spinner dolphins were never observed foraging during daytime, where resting was the predominant activity. Travelling and socializing probabilities were higher in early mornings and late afternoons when dolphins were returning from or preparing for nocturnal feeding trips, respectively. The constrained nature of spinner dolphin behaviours suggests they are less resilient to human disturbance than other cetaceans. These dolphins experience the highest exposure rates to human activities ever reported for any cetaceans. Over the last 30 years human activities have increased significantly in Hawaii, but the spinner dolphins still inhabit these bays. Recent abundance estimates (2011 and 2012) however, are lower than all previous estimates (1979-1981, 1989-1992 and 2003), indicating a possible long-term impact. Quantification of the spatial and temporal partitioning of wildlife behavioural schedules provides critical insight for conservation measures that aim to mitigate the effects of human disturbance.
选择力塑造了野生动物行为策略的进化，并影响行为活动的时空分配，以实现个体适应性最大化。在全球范围内，野生动物越来越多地受到人类活动的影响，而这些活动可能会影响它们的行为活动。野生动物补偿人类活动影响的能力可能对其抗干扰恢复力具有重要意义。恢复力理论表明，行为模式受限的行为系统比灵活的系统更难抵御干扰。利用行为时间序列数据，我们发现宽吻飞旋海豚每天在空间和时间上对其行为活动进行划分。具体而言，从未观察到宽吻飞旋海豚在白天觅食，白天的主要活动是休息。清晨和傍晚时分，海豚旅行和社交的概率较高，分别是它们从夜间觅食之旅返回或准备出发的时候。宽吻飞旋海豚行为的受限特性表明，它们比其他鲸类动物更难抵御人类干扰。这些海豚遭受人类活动的暴露率是有史以来报道的所有鲸类动物中最高的。在过去30年里，夏威夷的人类活动显著增加，但宽吻飞旋海豚仍然栖息在这些海湾。然而，最近（2011年和2012年）的数量估计低于之前所有的估计（1979 - 1981年、1989 - 1992年和2003年），这表明可能存在长期影响。量化野生动物行为时间表的时空划分，为旨在减轻人类干扰影响的保护措施提供了关键见解。
