Bø Ragnhild, Landrø Nils Inge
Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2017 Jun;234(11):1761-1768. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4578-9. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
In alcohol use disorder, deficits in cognitive control (i.e., inhibition and response monitoring) might underlie the loss of self-control and, thereby, failure to adjust alcohol consumption in response to associated negative consequences. According to the continuum hypothesis, the magnitude of these deficits should be related in a stair-case manner, with the greatest deficits among its heaviest consumers. The current study aims at investigating this association in the general population.
This is a cross-sectional study of 397 participants aged 18-64 years, who self-reported their mean weekly alcohol consumption and were assessed with the stop-signal task, estimating inhibitory efficiency (stop-signal reaction time; SSRT) and response monitoring (post-error slowing; PES). Set-shifting ability was investigated by the intra-extra dimensional (IED) set-shifting task. Three ANCOVAs were performed with SSRT, PES, and IED as the dependent variables (DV), respectively, and alcohol consumption levels as the independent variable. Covariates were included when they were significantly associated with the DV.
Compared to the teetotalers, all levels of alcohol consumption were significantly associated to lower SSRT, which implies more efficient inhibitory control; however, there was no significant difference in SSRT between other consumption levels. The two highest consumption groups had significantly shorter PES when compared to teetotalers and/or the lowest consumption group, implying less behavioral adjustment after failures. IED was not significantly related to the alcohol consumption levels.
There was no stair-case relation between weekly consumption levels and cognitive control functions within this general population, which might be due to the limited consumption range investigated.
在酒精使用障碍中，认知控制缺陷（即抑制和反应监测）可能是自我控制丧失的基础，从而导致无法根据相关负面后果调整酒精摄入量。根据连续体假说，这些缺陷的严重程度应以阶梯式方式相关联，在饮酒量最大的人群中缺陷最为严重。本研究旨在调查普通人群中的这种关联。
这是一项对397名年龄在18 - 64岁之间的参与者进行的横断面研究，他们自我报告了平均每周酒精摄入量，并通过停止信号任务进行评估，以估计抑制效率（停止信号反应时间；SSRT）和反应监测（错误后减缓；PES）。通过维度内 - 维度间（IED）转换任务研究了定势转换能力。分别以SSRT、PES和IED作为因变量（DV），酒精消费水平作为自变量进行了三次协方差分析。当协变量与DV显著相关时将其纳入。
与戒酒者相比，所有酒精消费水平都与较低的SSRT显著相关，这意味着抑制控制更有效；然而，其他消费水平之间的SSRT没有显著差异。与戒酒者和/或最低消费水平组相比，两个最高消费组的PES显著更短，这意味着失败后的行为调整更少。IED与酒精消费水平没有显著关系。
在该普通人群中，每周消费水平与认知控制功能之间不存在阶梯式关系，这可能是由于所研究的消费范围有限。
