Hsu Denise C, O'Connell Robert J
a Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Bangkok , Thailand.
b US Military HIV Research Program , Silver Spring , MD , USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 May 4;13(5):1018-1030. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1276138. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
An HIV-1 vaccine is needed to curtail the HIV epidemic. Only one (RV144) out of the 6 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials performed showed efficacy. A potential mechanism of protection is the induction of functional antibodies to V1V2 region of HIV envelope. The 2 main current approaches to the generation of protective immunity are through broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) and induction of functional antibodies (non-neutralizing Abs with other potential anti-viral functions). Passive immunization using bnAb has advanced into phase II clinical trials. The induction of bnAb using mimics of the natural Env trimer or B-cell lineage vaccine design is still in pre-clinical phase. An attempt at optimization of protective functional antibodies will be assessed next with the efficacy trial (HVTN702) about to start. With on-going optimization of prime/boost strategies, the development of mosaic immunogens, replication competent vectors, and emergence of new strategies designed to induce bnAb, the prospects for a preventive HIV vaccine have never been more promising.
需要一种HIV-1疫苗来遏制HIV疫情。在进行的6项HIV-1疫苗效力试验中，只有一项（RV144）显示出效力。一种潜在的保护机制是诱导针对HIV包膜V1V2区域的功能性抗体。目前产生保护性免疫的两种主要方法是通过广泛中和抗体（bnAb）和诱导功能性抗体（具有其他潜在抗病毒功能的非中和抗体）。使用bnAb进行的被动免疫已进入II期临床试验。使用天然Env三聚体模拟物或B细胞谱系疫苗设计诱导bnAb仍处于临床前阶段。随着即将开始的效力试验（HVTN702），接下来将评估优化保护性功能性抗体的尝试。随着初免/加强策略的不断优化、嵌合免疫原的开发、复制能力载体以及旨在诱导bnAb的新策略的出现，预防性HIV疫苗的前景从未如此光明。
