Thirugnanasampandan Ramaraj, Ramya Gunasekar, Bhuvaneswari Gunasekaran, Aravindh Srinivasan, Vaishnavi Suresh, Gogulramnath Madhusudhanan
J Complement Integr Med. 2017 Mar 9;14(2). doi: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0009.
Ziziphus oenoplia Mill. is an ethnomedicinal plant and its fruit has been traditionally used by Puliar tribes of Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India to treat various ailments. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, cytotoxic and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene downregulation activities of Z. oenoplia fruit (ZOF) were studied.
To explore bioactive compounds present in the ripened fruits, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were done. Free radical scavenging, hepatoprotective, inhibition of iNOS gene expression and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract of fruit were also studied.
Total flavonoid content of ZOFwas estimated as 69 µg/mg catechin equivalent. HPTLC densitogram confirmed the presence of quercetin and GC-MS analysis showed a total of 16 compounds of 87.66 % with quinic acid as a major compound which accounted for 22.29 %. Free radical-scavenging activity of ethanolic fruit extract was ranged from 160.12 to 650.23 µg/mL. An amount of 1.5 µg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced severe inflammation in BALB/c mice liver, followed by treatment with ethanolic fruit extract of 100 µg concentration, exhibited significant hepatoprotection and reverse transcriptase polymerase (RT-PCR) analysis showed downregulation of iNOS gene expression in hepatocytes at transcriptional level. ZOF also showed significant cytotoxicity and propidium iodide staining confirmed the induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells (HeLa).
Findings of the present study prove that ZOF is a rich source of bioactive compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Hence, consumption of this wild edible fruit will be a cost-effective and easily available natural nutritional source for health protection.
毛叶枣是一种民族药用植物，其果实传统上被印度泰米尔纳德邦阿纳马莱山的普利尔部落用于治疗各种疾病。对毛叶枣果实（ZOF）进行了植物化学分析、抗氧化、细胞毒性和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）基因下调活性研究。
为探索成熟果实中存在的生物活性化合物，进行了高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）和气相色谱/质谱（GC-MS）分析。还研究了果实乙醇提取物的自由基清除、保肝、抑制iNOS基因表达和细胞毒性活性。
ZOF的总黄酮含量估计为69μg/mg儿茶素当量。HPTLC密度图证实了槲皮素的存在，GC-MS分析显示共有16种化合物，占87.66%，其中奎尼酸为主要化合物，占22.29%。果实乙醇提取物的自由基清除活性范围为160.12至650.23μg/mL。1.5μg脂多糖（LPS）可诱导BALB/c小鼠肝脏严重炎症，随后用100μg浓度的果实乙醇提取物处理，表现出显著的保肝作用，逆转录聚合酶（RT-PCR）分析显示肝细胞中iNOS基因表达在转录水平下调。ZOF还显示出显著的细胞毒性，碘化丙啶染色证实了宫颈癌细胞（HeLa）中凋亡的诱导。
本研究结果证明ZOF是生物活性化合物的丰富来源，具有广泛的药理活性。因此，食用这种野生可食用果实将是一种具有成本效益且易于获得的天然营养健康保护来源。
