Edmond Gary, Towler Alice, Growns Bethany, Ribeiro Gianni, Found Bryan, White David, Ballantyne Kaye, Searston Rachel A, Thompson Matthew B, Tangen Jason M, Kemp Richard I, Martire Kristy
School of Law, UNSW, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia.
Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia.
Sci Justice. 2017 Mar;57(2):144-154. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2016.11.005. Epub 2016 Dec 3.
Human factors and their implications for forensic science have attracted increasing levels of interest across criminal justice communities in recent years. Initial interest centred on cognitive biases, but has since expanded such that knowledge from psychology and cognitive science is slowly infiltrating forensic practices more broadly. This article highlights a series of important findings and insights of relevance to forensic practitioners. These include research on human perception, memory, context information, expertise, decision-making, communication, experience, verification, confidence, and feedback. The aim of this article is to sensitise forensic practitioners (and lawyers and judges) to a range of potentially significant issues, and encourage them to engage with research in these domains so that they may adapt procedures to improve performance, mitigate risks and reduce errors. Doing so will reduce the divide between forensic practitioners and research scientists as well as improve the value and utility of forensic science evidence.
近年来，人为因素及其对法医学的影响在整个刑事司法领域引起了越来越多的关注。最初的关注点集中在认知偏差上，但此后范围有所扩大，以至于心理学和认知科学的知识正更广泛地慢慢渗透到法医实践中。本文强调了一系列与法医从业者相关的重要发现和见解。这些包括关于人类感知、记忆、背景信息、专业知识、决策、沟通、经验、验证、信心和反馈的研究。本文的目的是使法医从业者（以及律师和法官）意识到一系列潜在的重大问题，并鼓励他们参与这些领域的研究，以便他们能够调整程序以提高绩效、降低风险并减少错误。这样做将缩小法医从业者与研究科学家之间的差距，并提高法医学证据的价值和效用。
