Faas Marijke M, de Vos Paul
Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Placenta. 2017 Aug;56:44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.03.001. Epub 2017 Mar 2.
The presence of immune cells in the placental bed is important for both mother and child. Although various immune cells can be found in the placental bed, such as regulatory T cells and dendritic cells, uterine NK cells and macrophages are the most prominent immune cells in the placental bed in early pregnancy. uNK cell and macrophage numbers in the placental bed decrease in the third trimester. These cells seem to be specifically adapted for their function and environment. uNK cells do not show cytotoxic activity, but are producers of cytokines, growth factors and many other factors. uNK cell function is regulated by inhibitory and activating receptors binding to HLA class I on trophoblast cells. uNK cells are also involved in regulating trophoblast invasion. Macrophages mainly show an M2-like phenotype and also produce cytokines and various other factors. They are important in phagocytosis of various cells and cell debris in the placental bed. Both cell types are also involved in angiogenesis and spiral artery remodeling in the placental bed. In this review we will elaborate on the most important functions of uNK cells and macrophages in the placental bed in humans. We will also discuss animal models, since they may provide clues for function of uNK cells and macrophages in humans.
胎盘床中免疫细胞的存在对母亲和胎儿都很重要。尽管在胎盘床中可以发现各种免疫细胞，如调节性T细胞和树突状细胞，但子宫自然杀伤细胞（uNK细胞）和巨噬细胞是妊娠早期胎盘床中最主要的免疫细胞。妊娠晚期胎盘床中的uNK细胞和巨噬细胞数量会减少。这些细胞似乎特别适应它们的功能和环境。uNK细胞不表现出细胞毒性活性，但能产生细胞因子、生长因子和许多其他因子。uNK细胞的功能受与滋养层细胞上的HLA I类分子结合的抑制性和激活性受体调节。uNK细胞也参与调节滋养层细胞的侵袭。巨噬细胞主要表现出类似M2的表型，也产生细胞因子和各种其他因子。它们在胎盘床中吞噬各种细胞和细胞碎片方面很重要。这两种细胞类型还参与胎盘床中的血管生成和螺旋动脉重塑。在这篇综述中，我们将详细阐述uNK细胞和巨噬细胞在人类胎盘床中的最重要功能。我们还将讨论动物模型，因为它们可能为uNK细胞和巨噬细胞在人类中的功能提供线索。
