State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Jul 15;590-591:633-642. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
In this study, the risks to aquatic organisms posed by 12 commonly detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are extensively used in Bohai coastal region of China were examined. These were linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), nonylphenol (NP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), norfloxacin (NOR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), erythromycin (ERY), bisphenol A (BPA), ofloxacin (OFL), carbamazepine (CBZ), naproxen (NPX), atenolol (ATL) and metoprolol (MET). Their relative risk was ranked based on the proximity between the medians of the reported effect concentrations and measured river or lake water concentrations. The surfactants (LAS) and endocrine disrupting chemicals NP (a breakdown product of the surfactant nonylphenol polyethoxylate) and DEHP (a plasticizer) were identified as posing the greatest risk from this range of chemicals. LAS had a hundred-fold higher risk than any of the pharmaceuticals. The highest risk ranked pharmaceuticals were all antibiotics. Zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) were added to the comparison as representative heavy metals. Zn posed a risk higher than all the organics. The risk posed by Hg was less than the surfactants but greater than the selected pharmaceuticals. Whereas LAS and DEHP could cause harmful effects to all the wildlife groups, NP and BPA posed the greatest risk to fish. Antibiotics showed the highest risk to algae. Spatial and temporal distributions of PPCPs and EDCs were conducted for risk identification, source analysis and seasonal change exploration. Municipal sewage effluent linked to urban areas was considered to be the major source of pharmaceuticals. With regard to seasonal influence the risk posed by LAS to the aquatic organisms was significantly affected by wet and dry seasonal change. The dilution effects were the common feature of LAS and ERY risks. The difference in LAS and ERY risk patterns along the rivers was mainly affected by the elimination process.
本研究考察了中国渤海沿海地区广泛使用的 12 种常见检测到的药物和个人护理产品（PPCPs）和内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）对水生生物的风险。这些物质包括直链烷基苯磺酸盐（LAS）、壬基酚（NP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、诺氟沙星（NOR）、磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）、红霉素（ERY）、双酚 A（BPA）、氧氟沙星（OFL）、卡马西平（CBZ）、萘普生（NPX）、阿替洛尔（ATL）和美托洛尔（MET）。根据报告的效应浓度中位数与河流或湖泊水中浓度之间的接近程度，对它们的相对风险进行了排名。表面活性剂（LAS）和内分泌干扰化学物质 NP（表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的分解产物）和 DEHP（增塑剂）被认为是这一系列化学物质中风险最大的物质。LAS 的风险是所有药物的 100 倍。风险最高的药物都是抗生素。锌（Zn）和汞（Hg）被添加到比较中作为代表性重金属。Zn 的风险高于所有有机物。Hg 的风险小于表面活性剂，但大于所选药物。虽然 LAS 和 DEHP 可能对所有野生动物群体造成有害影响，但 NP 和 BPA 对鱼类的风险最大。抗生素对藻类的风险最高。为了识别风险、分析来源和探索季节性变化，对 PPCPs 和 EDCs 进行了时空分布研究。与城市有关的城市污水被认为是药物的主要来源。就季节性影响而言，LAS 对水生生物的风险受到干湿季节性变化的显著影响。稀释效应是 LAS 和 ERY 风险的共同特征。LAS 和 ERY 风险模式沿河流的差异主要受消除过程的影响。
