School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China.
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 16;20(2):1599. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021599.
A comprehensive, large-scale coastal investigation of antibiotics in seawater from Bohai Bay is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the occurrence and ecological risks of 45 antibiotics belonging to 5 classes in seawater from Bohai Bay, as well as their inter-relation with trace elements and other contaminants. The results show that tetracyclines (TCs) were detected in the highest concentration among the five classes (in the range of 0.6−2.0 μg/L). The total concentrations of the five classes of antibiotics were detected in the following order: tetracyclines (TCs) > quinolones (QAs) > sulfonamides (SAs) > macrolides (MAs) > lactams (LAs). Higher antibiotic concentrations were detected at the sampling sites closest to the coast or the shipping port. Among seven trace elements, four were quantitatively detected, with Zn representing the highest concentration. Antibiotic residuals were found to be positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), conductivity (Ec) and suspended solids (SS); pH and NH4+-N usually showed a negative correlation with antibiotics; TN and TP also exhibited relationships with antibiotics. The risk quotient (RQ) was calculated for different antibiotics at different sites. It was found that antibiotics pose higher risks to algae than to invertebrates or fish; sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin and ofloxacin were all found to pose high risk to algae at some of the sampling sites. Structural equation model (SEM) results show that trace elements, antibiotic levels and EC50 are the main factors affecting the ecological risks of antibiotics.
渤海海水抗生素的综合、大规模沿海调查仍存在不足。因此，在本研究中，我们调查了渤海海水中 45 种属于 5 类抗生素的出现情况和生态风险，以及它们与微量元素和其他污染物的相互关系。结果表明，五种抗生素中，四环素（TCs）的浓度最高（在 0.6-2.0μg/L 范围内）。五种抗生素的总浓度顺序为：四环素（TCs）>喹诺酮类（QAs）>磺胺类（SAs）>大环内酯类（MAs）>内酰胺类（LAs）。在离海岸或航运港口最近的采样点检测到了更高的抗生素浓度。在七种微量元素中，有四种被定量检测到，其中 Zn 的浓度最高。抗生素残留与总有机碳（TOC）、电导率（Ec）和悬浮物（SS）呈正相关；pH 和 NH4+-N 通常与抗生素呈负相关；TN 和 TP 也与抗生素有关。在不同的地点，为不同的抗生素计算了风险商（RQ）。结果表明，抗生素对藻类的风险高于对无脊椎动物或鱼类的风险；磺胺甲恶唑、恩诺沙星和氧氟沙星在一些采样点对藻类都有很高的风险。结构方程模型（SEM）的结果表明，微量元素、抗生素水平和 EC50 是影响抗生素生态风险的主要因素。
