Casasola Marianella, Bhagwat Jui, Doan Stacey N, Love Hailey
Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2017 Jul;159:110-128. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.01.012. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
Using a cross-sectional design, we examined the containment and support spatial constructions infants spontaneously create and those they observe when playing with a nesting toy. Infants (N=76) of 8, 13, or 18months played alone for 2min and then played with a caregiver for another 2min. At 8months, infants created few relations; at 13months, they inserted objects, resulting in containment, and stacked objects, resulting in support; at 18months, they created more than three times more containment relations than support relations, a result replicated in a second study. In contrast, caregivers created more support relations than containment relations, regardless of infant age, but labeled containment more than support. The results highlight differential exposure to containment and support in infant solitary and dyadic play. By 18months, infants gain greater firsthand experience with containment, a relation that is further reinforced by caregiver labeling.
采用横断面设计，我们研究了婴儿在玩嵌套玩具时自发创造的容纳和支撑空间结构，以及他们观察到的此类结构。8个月、13个月或18个月大的婴儿（N = 76）先独自玩耍2分钟，然后再与照顾者一起玩耍2分钟。8个月大的婴儿建立的关系较少；13个月大时，他们插入物体形成容纳关系，堆叠物体形成支撑关系；18个月大时，他们建立的容纳关系比支撑关系多三倍以上，这一结果在第二项研究中得到了重复验证。相比之下，无论婴儿年龄大小，照顾者建立的支撑关系都比容纳关系多，但对容纳关系的描述比对支撑关系的描述更多。研究结果凸显了婴儿在独自玩耍和二元互动玩耍中接触容纳和支撑关系的差异。到18个月大时，婴儿对容纳关系有了更多的直接体验，而照顾者的描述进一步强化了这种关系。
