Provenzi Livio, Olson Karen L, Montirosso Rosario, Tronick Ed
Centre for the Study of Social Emotional Development of the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea.
Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School.
Dev Psychol. 2016 Jan;52(1):1-8. doi: 10.1037/dev0000072. Epub 2015 Nov 16.
The study of infants' interactive style and social stress response to repeated stress exposures is of great interest for developmental and clinical psychologists. Stable maternal and dyadic behavior is critical to sustain infants' development of an adaptive social stress response, but the association between infants' interactive style and social stress response has received scant attention in previous literature. In the present article, overtime stability of infant, maternal, and dyadic behaviors was measured across 2 social stress (i.e., Face-to-Face Still-Face, FFSF) exposures, separated by 15 days. Moreover, infant, maternal, and dyadic behaviors were simultaneously assessed as predictors of infants' social stress to both FFSF exposures. Eighty-one mother-infant dyads underwent the FFSF twice, at 6 months (Exposure 1: the first social stress) and at 6 months and 15 days (Exposure 2: repeated social stress). Infant and mother behavior and dyadic synchrony were microanalytically coded. Overall, individual behavioral stability emerged between FFSF exposures. Infants' response to the first stress was predicted by infant behavior during Exposure 1 Play. Infants' response to the repeated social stress was predicted by infants' response to the first exposure to the Still-Face and by infants' behavior and dyadic synchrony during Exposure 2 Play. Findings reveal stability for individual, but not for dyadic, behavior between 2 social stress exposures at 6 months. Infants' response to repeated social stress was predicted by infants' earlier stress response, infants' own behavior in play, and dyadic synchrony. No predictive effects of maternal behavior were found. Insights for research and clinical work are discussed.
婴儿的互动方式以及对反复应激暴露的社会应激反应的研究，对于发展心理学家和临床心理学家来说极具吸引力。稳定的母亲行为和二元行为对于维持婴儿适应性社会应激反应的发展至关重要，但婴儿的互动方式与社会应激反应之间的关联在以往文献中很少受到关注。在本文中，对婴儿、母亲和二元行为在两次社会应激（即面对面静止脸，FFSF）暴露期间的随时间稳定性进行了测量，两次暴露间隔15天。此外，同时评估了婴儿、母亲和二元行为，作为婴儿对两次FFSF暴露的社会应激的预测因素。81对母婴二元组在6个月时（暴露1：第一次社会应激）以及6个月零15天时（暴露2：反复社会应激）接受了两次FFSF测试。对婴儿和母亲的行为以及二元同步性进行了微观分析编码。总体而言，在FFSF暴露之间出现了个体行为稳定性。婴儿在暴露1玩耍期间的行为可预测其对第一次应激的反应。婴儿对反复社会应激的反应可通过其对第一次静止脸暴露的反应以及在暴露2玩耍期间的行为和二元同步性来预测。研究结果揭示了6个月时两次社会应激暴露之间个体行为（而非二元行为）的稳定性。婴儿对反复社会应激的反应可由其早期应激反应、自身玩耍行为以及二元同步性来预测。未发现母亲行为的预测作用。文中讨论了对研究和临床工作的启示。
