Jordanova N, Petrovský E, Kapicka A, Jordanova D, Petrov P
National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl.3, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Institute of Geophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Bocni II/1401, 141 31, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Apr;189(4):158. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-5834-5. Epub 2017 Mar 11.
Copper ore mining and processing are among the most harmful anthropogenic influences for the environment and they are a subject of international and national law regulations. Recultivation of areas influenced by mining and processing industry is commonly applied and monitored in order to restore as much as possible the natural environment. In this study, environmental magnetic methods are applied in order to assess the degree of soil restoration in terms of soil development, after remediation of waste dump from Cu-processing plant. Soils developed under birch forest stands of different age (5, 15, and 25 years) as well as raw waste material were sampled along depth down to 20-30 cm. Variations in magnetic parameters and ratios obtained (magnetic susceptibility, frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanence (ARM), isothermal remanence (IRM), ARM/IRM) suggest the presence of magnetic enhancement in the upper 0-15 cm, the thickness of this layer varying depending on the age of the forest stand. Magnetic mineral responsible for this enhancement is of magnetite type, while waste material contains a large amount of hematite, as evidenced by coercivity analysis of IRM acquisition curves and thermal demagnetization of composite IRM. Magnetic grain-sized proxy parameters suggest that magnetite particles are coarser, magnetically stable, while no or minor amount of superparamagnetic grains were detected at room temperature. A well-defined linear regression between the topsoil magnetic susceptibility and the approximate age of the forest stand provides an indication that the magnetic enhancement is of pedogenic origin. It is concluded that the observed magnetic enhancement of recultivated soils studied is linked to a combined effect of pedogenic contribution and possible additions of industrial ashes as a liming agent for soil restoration.
铜矿开采和加工是对环境最具危害的人为影响之一，也是国际和国家法律法规的管控对象。为尽可能恢复自然环境，受采矿业和加工业影响区域的土地复垦得到广泛应用并受到监测。在本研究中，采用环境磁学方法评估铜加工厂废渣场修复后，土壤在发育方面的恢复程度。在不同树龄（5年、15年和25年）的桦木林林下以及原生废料中，采集深度达20 - 30厘米的土壤样本。所获得的磁性参数和比率（磁化率、频率依赖性磁化率、非滞剩磁（ARM）、等温剩磁（IRM）、ARM/IRM）的变化表明，在地表0 - 15厘米的上层存在磁性增强现象，该层厚度随林分年龄而变化。导致这种增强的磁性矿物为磁铁矿类型，而废料中含有大量赤铁矿，这通过IRM获取曲线的矫顽力分析和复合IRM的热退磁得以证明。磁性粒度代理参数表明，磁铁矿颗粒较粗，磁性稳定，而在室温下未检测到或仅检测到少量超顺磁性颗粒。表土磁化率与林分大致年龄之间明确的线性回归表明，磁性增强源自成土作用。研究得出结论，所研究的复垦土壤中观察到的磁性增强与成土作用贡献以及作为土壤修复的石灰改良剂可能添加的工业灰烬的综合作用有关。
