Gløersen Øyvind, Myklebust Håvard, Hallén Jostein, Federolf Peter
a Department of Physics , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
b Department of Physical Performance , Norwegian School of Sport Sciences , Oslo , Norway.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Jan;36(2):229-237. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1298826. Epub 2017 Mar 13.
The aim of this study was to advance current movement analysis methodology to enable a technique analysis in sports facilitating (1) concurrent comparison of the techniques between several athletes; (2) identification of potentially beneficial technique modifications and (3) a visual representation of the findings for feedback to the athletes. Six elite cross-country skiers, three world cup winners and three national elite, roller ski skated using the V2 technique on a treadmill while their movement patterns were recorded using 41 reflective markers. A principal component analysis performed on the marker positions resulted in multi-segmental "principal" movement components (PMs). A novel normalisation facilitated comparability of the PMs between athletes. Additionally, centre of mass (COM) trajectories were modelled. We found correlations between the athletes' performance levels (judged from race points) and specific features in the PMs and in the COM trajectories. Plausible links between COM trajectories and PMs were observed, suggesting that better performing skiers exhibited a different, possibly more efficient use of their body mass for propulsion. The analysis presented in the current study revealed specific technique features that appeared to relate to the skiers' performance levels. How changing these features would affect an individual athlete's technique was visualised with animated stick figures.
本研究的目的是改进当前的运动分析方法，以便在体育项目中进行技术分析，从而实现：(1) 对多名运动员的技术进行同步比较；(2) 识别可能有益的技术改进；(3) 以可视化方式呈现研究结果，以便向运动员提供反馈。六名精英越野滑雪运动员，三名世界杯冠军和三名国家精英，在跑步机上使用V2技术进行轮滑，同时使用41个反光标记记录他们的运动模式。对标记位置进行主成分分析，得到多节段的“主要”运动成分（PMs）。一种新颖的归一化方法促进了运动员之间PMs的可比性。此外，还对质心（COM）轨迹进行了建模。我们发现运动员的表现水平（根据比赛积分判断）与PMs和COM轨迹中的特定特征之间存在相关性。观察到COM轨迹和PMs之间存在合理的联系，这表明表现较好的滑雪者在推进过程中对体重的使用方式有所不同，可能更高效。本研究中提出的分析揭示了与滑雪者表现水平相关的特定技术特征。通过动画人体模型直观展示了改变这些特征将如何影响个体运动员的技术。
