Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, AB41 6AA, United Kingdom.
College of Physical Sciences, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Cruickshank Bd., Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom.
Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 13;7:43699. doi: 10.1038/srep43699.
Anisakiasis is an emerging zoonosis caused by the fish parasitic nematode Anisakis. Spain appears to have the highest reported incidence in Europe and marinated anchovies are recognised as the main food vehicle. Using data on fishery landings, fish infection rates and consumption habits of the Spanish population from questionnaires, we developed a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model for the anchovy value chain. Spaniards were estimated to consume on average 0.66 Anisakis per untreated (non-frozen) raw or marinated anchovy meal. A dose-response relationship was generated and the probability of anisakiasis was calculated to be 9.56 × 10 per meal, and the number of annual anisakiasis cases requiring medical attention was predicted between 7,700 and 8,320. Monte Carlo simulations estimated post-mortem migration of Anisakis from viscera to flesh increases the disease burden by >1000% whilst an education campaign to freeze anchovy before consumption may reduce cases by 80%. However, most of the questionnaire respondents who ate untreated meals knew how to prevent Anisakis infection. The QRA suggests that previously reported figures of 500 anisakiasis per year in Europe is a considerable underestimate. The QRA tool can be used by policy makers and informs industry, health professionals and consumers about this underdiagnosed zoonosis.
异尖线虫病是一种由鱼类寄生线虫异尖线虫引起的新兴人畜共患病。西班牙似乎是欧洲报告发病率最高的国家，而腌制凤尾鱼被认为是主要的食物传播媒介。我们利用来自问卷调查的渔业捕捞量、鱼类感染率和西班牙人口消费习惯的数据，开发了一个用于凤尾鱼价值链的定量风险评估（QRA）模型。估计西班牙人平均每人每次食用未经处理（未冷冻）的生或腌制凤尾鱼餐时，会摄入 0.66 个异尖线虫。我们生成了一个剂量反应关系，并计算出每顿饭患异尖线虫病的概率为 9.56×10-6，每年需要就医的异尖线虫病病例数预计在 7700 到 8320 例之间。蒙特卡罗模拟估计，死后异尖线虫从内脏向肌肉的迁移使疾病负担增加了>1000%，而在食用前将凤尾鱼冷冻的教育活动可能会使病例减少 80%。然而，大多数食用未处理餐的问卷调查受访者都知道如何预防异尖线虫感染。QRA 表明，此前欧洲每年报告的 500 例异尖线虫病病例数量被严重低估。该 QRA 工具可供政策制定者使用，并为该被低估的人畜共患病向行业、卫生专业人员和消费者提供信息。
