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应用 TPAD 施加三维导向力对骨盆运动的适应性研究。

On the Adaptation of Pelvic Motion by Applying 3-dimensional Guidance Forces Using TPAD.

出版信息

IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2017 Sep;25(9):1558-1567. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2017.2679607. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

Abstract

Pelvic movement is important to human locomotion as the center of mass is located near the center of pelvis. Lateral pelvic motion plays a crucial role to shift the center of mass on the stance leg, while swinging the other leg and keeping the body balanced. In addition, vertical pelvic movement helps to reduce metabolic energy expenditure by exchanging potential and kinetic energy during the gait cycle. However, patient groups with cerebral palsy or stroke have excessive pelvic motion that leads to high energy expenditure. In addition, they have higher chances of falls as the center ofmass could deviate outside the base of support. In this paper, a novel control method is suggested using tethered pelvic assist device (TPAD) to teach subjects to walk with a specified target pelvic trajectory while walking on a treadmill. In this method, a force field is applied to the pelvis to guide it to move on a target trajectory and correctional forces are applied, if the pelvis motion has excessive deviations from the target trajectory. Three different experimentswith healthy subjects were conducted to teach them to walk on a new target pelvic trajectory with the presented control method. For all three experiments, the baseline trajectory of the pelvis was experimentally determined for each participating subject. To design a target pelvic trajectory which is different from the baseline, Experiment I scaled up the lateral component of the baseline pelvic trajectory, while Experiment II scaled down the lateral component of the baseline trajectory. For both Experiments I and II, the controller generated a 2-D force field in the transverse plane to provide the guidance force. In this paper, seven subjects were recruited for each experiment who walked on the treadmill with suggested control methods and visual feedback of their pelvic trajectory. The results show that the subjects were able to learn the target pelvic trajectory in each experiment and also retained the training effects after the completion of the experiment. In Experiment III, both lateral and vertical components of the pelvic trajectory were scaled down from the baseline trajectory. The force field was extended to three dimensions in order to correct the vertical pelvic movement as well. Three subgroups (force feedback alone, visual feedback alone, and both force and visual feedback) were recruited to understand the effects of force feedback and visual feedback alone to distinguish the results from Experiments I and II. The results showthat a trainingmethod that combines visual and force feedback is superior to the training methods with visual or force feedback alone. We believe that the present control strategy holds potential in training and correcting abnormal pelvic movements in different patient populations.

摘要

骨盆运动对于人类的运动至关重要,因为重心位于骨盆中心附近。骨盆的侧向运动对于在支撑腿上转移重心起着关键作用,同时摆动另一条腿并保持身体平衡。此外,垂直骨盆运动有助于通过在步态周期中交换势能和动能来减少代谢能量消耗。然而,患有脑瘫或中风的患者群体存在过度的骨盆运动,导致能量消耗过高。此外,由于重心可能偏离支撑基础,他们跌倒的可能性更高。在本文中,提出了一种新的控制方法,使用系绳式骨盆辅助装置 (TPAD) 来教受试者在跑步机上行走时沿着特定目标骨盆轨迹行走。在这种方法中,向骨盆施加力场以引导其沿着目标轨迹移动,如果骨盆运动从目标轨迹有过大的偏差,则施加校正力。对三名健康受试者进行了三项不同的实验,以使用提出的控制方法教授他们沿着新的目标骨盆轨迹行走。对于所有三个实验,都为每个参与的受试者实验确定了骨盆的基线轨迹。为了设计与基线不同的目标骨盆轨迹,实验 I 放大了基线骨盆轨迹的横向分量,而实验 II 则缩小了基线轨迹的横向分量。对于实验 I 和 II,控制器在横截面上生成二维力场以提供引导力。在本文中,每个实验都招募了七名受试者,他们在跑步机上按照建议的控制方法和骨盆轨迹的视觉反馈行走。结果表明,受试者能够在每个实验中学习目标骨盆轨迹,并在实验结束后保留训练效果。在实验 III 中,骨盆轨迹的横向和垂直分量都从基线轨迹缩小。为了纠正垂直骨盆运动,力场也扩展到三维。招募了三个亚组(仅力反馈、仅视觉反馈和力和视觉反馈)来理解力反馈和视觉反馈的单独效果,以将结果与实验 I 和 II 区分开来。结果表明,结合视觉和力反馈的训练方法优于单独使用视觉或力反馈的训练方法。我们相信,目前的控制策略在不同患者群体的异常骨盆运动的训练和矫正方面具有潜力。

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