Garbi Natalio, Lambrecht Bart N
Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Pflugers Arch. 2017 Apr;469(3-4):561-572. doi: 10.1007/s00424-017-1965-3. Epub 2017 Mar 13.
The lung is continuously exposed to potentially hazardous environmental challenges in the form of inert material and microbes. Pulmonary macrophages are critical in maintaining a low inflammatory context in the lung to facilitate optimal gas exchange. During infection, however, they mediate the immediate response to invading microorganisms in coordination with epithelial cells and other tissue-resident immune cells including dendritic cells, innate lymphocytes and memory T cells, and pulmonary interstitial macrophages. The balance between pulmonary Mø inhibition and activation is regulated by a complex set of receptors whose activation determines whether macrophages remain quiescent or undergo cellular activation. In addition, pulmonary macrophages perform tissue-specific functions such as surfactant catabolism necessary to prevent alveolar proteinosis and interstitial lung disease. This review summarizes current knowledge on different pulmonary macrophage types with an emphasis on their location, function, and available experimental models to manipulate them. Finally, we review recent developments on the dynamic ontogeny of pulmonary macrophages and how it may affect age-related diseases.
肺持续暴露于以惰性物质和微生物形式存在的潜在有害环境挑战中。肺巨噬细胞对于维持肺内低炎症环境以促进最佳气体交换至关重要。然而，在感染期间，它们与上皮细胞以及包括树突状细胞、先天性淋巴细胞、记忆T细胞和肺间质巨噬细胞在内的其他组织驻留免疫细胞协调，介导对入侵微生物的即时反应。肺巨噬细胞抑制与激活之间的平衡由一组复杂的受体调节，这些受体的激活决定了巨噬细胞是保持静止还是经历细胞激活。此外，肺巨噬细胞还执行组织特异性功能，如防止肺泡蛋白沉积症和间质性肺病所需的表面活性剂分解代谢。本综述总结了关于不同类型肺巨噬细胞的当前知识，重点关注它们的位置、功能以及用于操纵它们的现有实验模型。最后，我们回顾了肺巨噬细胞动态个体发生的最新进展以及它可能如何影响与年龄相关的疾病。
