Broese van Groenou Marjolein, de Boer Alice, Putters Kim, Henkens Kène, Nies Henk, Dykstra Pearl A, van Solinge Hanna, van Campen Cretien, Kooiker Sjoerd
Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan, 1018 HV, Amsterdam, Nederland.
SCP, Den Haag, Nederland.
Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr. 2017 Apr;48(2):77-88. doi: 10.1007/s12439-017-0208-6.
Due to the reform of long term care in 2015, there is growing concern about whether groups at risk receive the care they need. People in need of care have to rely more on help from their social network. The increased need for informal care requires resilience and organizational skills of families, but also of volunteers, professionals and employers. What does this mean for the provision of informal care in the next decennia? The symposium 'The future of informal care', organized on January 26 2017 by the National Institute for Social Research and the Institute for Societal Resilience of the Vrije Universiteit, addressed possible answers to this question. In her inaugural speech Alice de Boer discussed social inequality as possible determinant and outcome of informal care. Some conclusions:Until 2050 the absolute number of 75-plus doubled to about 3 million persons, but the number of informal caregivers will decrease. In addition to the importance of social and economic resources (the 'have & have-nots'), the ability to arrange care (the 'can & can-nots') gains importance.Almost half of the older employers provides informal care just before retirement. Flexibility in working hours and work location facilitates combining work and care, but about half of the employers indicates that partial retirement and working at home are no options.Informal caregivers and professionals often provide care from comparable perspectives and identities. Addressing similarities rather than differences improves their chances for collaboration.The number of adult children providing household care to older parents increased between 2002 and 2014. This suggests an increase in family solidarity, but current reform policies may increase the gender inequality in caregiving families.Spouses and children remain primary caregivers in the future, preferably supported by many different types of caregivers. Not everybody has the capabilities to organize and direct such a large care network.Providing informal care increases the risk for overburden and absence at work or education. Informal caregivers at risk remain, also in the future, women, spouses, migrants, and younger carers.
由于2015年长期护理改革，人们越来越关注弱势群体是否能得到他们所需的护理。需要护理的人不得不更多地依赖其社交网络的帮助。对非正式护理需求的增加不仅要求家庭具备适应能力和组织能力，志愿者、专业人员和雇主也同样需要。这对未来十年的非正式护理提供意味着什么？2017年1月26日由国家社会研究所和自由大学社会适应力研究所组织的“非正式护理的未来”研讨会探讨了这个问题的可能答案。在开幕致辞中，爱丽丝·德布尔讨论了社会不平等作为非正式护理可能的决定因素和结果。一些结论如下：到2050年，75岁及以上老人的绝对数量将翻倍至约300万人，但非正式护理人员的数量将会减少。除了社会和经济资源（“有与没有”）的重要性外，安排护理的能力（“能与不能”）也变得越发重要。几乎一半的老年雇主在临近退休时提供非正式护理。工作时间和工作地点的灵活性有助于兼顾工作与护理，但约一半的雇主表示无法选择部分退休或在家工作。非正式护理人员和专业人员通常从类似的角度和身份提供护理。关注共同点而非差异会增加他们合作的机会。2002年至2014年间，为老年父母提供家庭护理的成年子女数量有所增加。这表明家庭团结有所增强，但当前的改革政策可能会加剧护理家庭中的性别不平等。配偶和子女在未来仍将是主要护理人员，最好能得到多种不同类型护理人员的支持。并非每个人都有能力组织和管理如此庞大的护理网络。提供非正式护理会增加工作或教育负担过重以及缺勤的风险。未来，面临风险的非正式护理人员仍将是女性、配偶、移民和年轻护理人员。
