Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene,Poznań University of Life Sciences,Wojska Polskiego 31,60-624 Poznań,Poland.
Nutr Res Rev. 2017 Jun;30(1):106-117. doi: 10.1017/S0954422417000014. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Body mass and fat intake are multifactorial traits that have genetic and environmental components. The gene with the greatest effect on body mass is FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated), but several studies have shown that the effect of FTO (and of other genes) on body mass can be modified by the intake of nutrients. The so-called gene-environment interactions may also be important for the effectiveness of weight-loss strategies. Food choices, and thus fat intake, depend to some extent on individual preferences. The most important biological component of food preference is taste, and the role of fat sensitivity in fat intake has recently been pointed out. Relatively few studies have analysed the genetic components of fat intake or fatty acid sensitivity in terms of their relation to obesity. It has been proposed that decreased oral fatty acid sensitivity leads to increased fat intake and thus increased body mass. One of the genes that affect fatty acid sensitivity is CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36). However, little is known so far about the genetic component of fat sensing. We performed a literature review to identify the state of knowledge regarding the genetics of fat intake and its relation to body-mass determination, and to identify the priorities for further investigations.
体重和脂肪摄入量是具有遗传和环境因素的多因素特征。对体重影响最大的基因是 FTO（肥胖相关的脂肪量和肥胖相关），但多项研究表明，FTO（和其他基因）对体重的影响可以通过营养物质的摄入来改变。所谓的基因-环境相互作用对于减肥策略的有效性也可能很重要。食物选择，从而脂肪摄入量，在某种程度上取决于个人喜好。食物偏好的最重要的生物学成分是味道，脂肪敏感性在脂肪摄入中的作用最近已被指出。相对较少的研究分析了脂肪摄入量或脂肪酸敏感性的遗传成分与其与肥胖的关系。有人提出，口腔脂肪酸敏感性降低会导致脂肪摄入量增加，从而导致体重增加。影响脂肪酸敏感性的基因之一是 CD36（分化簇 36）。然而，目前对于脂肪感应的遗传成分知之甚少。我们进行了文献回顾，以确定关于脂肪摄入量及其与体重确定的关系的遗传学知识状况，并确定进一步研究的优先事项。
