Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 16;13(12):4506. doi: 10.3390/nu13124506.
The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations between sensitivity to fat taste, eating habits and BMI value in a sample of menopausal Polish women. In a population of 95 women, fat taste thresholds with oleic acid were determined, allowing us to classify each woman as a hypersensitive or hyposensitive taster. Eating habits were assessed using a validated KomPAN questionnaire for food frequency. Dietary intake was evaluated based on a food diary. Selected biochemical parameters were measured using a Konelab20i biochemical analyzer. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were also measured. Twenty-two menopausal women were classified as hyposensitive to fat taste and 73 as hypersensitive. The hyposensitive tasters were significantly older ( = 0.006), with the majority of them (92%) being postmenopausal ( < 0.001); this group had significantly higher BMI values ( < 0.001) and other adiposity indicators compared to their hypersensitive counterparts. The hyposensitive tasters had higher blood pressure (systolic blood pressure; SBP = 0.030; diastolic blood pressure; DBP = 0.003), glucose ( = 0.011) and triacylglycerols levels than the hypersensitive tasters ( = 0.031). Almost half of them had diagnosed metabolic syndrome. Daily eating occasions were associated with low oral fatty acid sensitivity, irrespective of age ( = 0.041) and BMI value ( = 0.028). There were also significant associations between frequency of consumption of meats and eggs, as well as snacks and fast foods and low oral fatty acid sensitivity before adjustment for potential confounders (both associations < 0.05), which remained after adjustment for age (both associations < 0.05), but not after adjustment for BMI. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher BMI value ( = 0.003), along with postmenopausal status ( = 0.003), were associated with low fat taste sensitivity irrespective of age and consumed percentage energy from fat. Postmenopausal status and BMI are associated with low fat taste sensitivity. Fat hyposensitivity may also play a role in eating habits, leading to increased eating occasions and favoring certain types of food. These eating habits may determine increased body weight and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in mid-life women, especially those who have undergone menopause and have been exposed to the physiological changes which are conducive to these relationships.
我们的研究目的是评估绝经后波兰女性样本中对脂肪味道的敏感性、饮食习惯和 BMI 值之间的关联。在 95 名女性的人群中，确定了油酸的脂肪味觉阈值，使我们能够将每个女性分类为超敏或低敏味觉者。饮食习惯使用经过验证的 KomPAN 食物频率问卷进行评估。膳食摄入量基于食物日记进行评估。使用 Konelab20i 生化分析仪测量选定的生化参数。还测量了人体测量参数和血压。22 名绝经后妇女被归类为对脂肪味道低敏感，73 名妇女被归类为高敏感。低敏味觉者年龄明显更大（= 0.006），其中大多数（92%）处于绝经后状态（< 0.001）；与高敏感味觉者相比，该组的 BMI 值（< 0.001）和其他肥胖指标明显更高。低敏味觉者的血压（收缩压；SBP = 0.030；舒张压；DBP = 0.003）、血糖（= 0.011）和三酰甘油水平均高于高敏感味觉者（= 0.031）。他们中几乎有一半人被诊断为代谢综合征。无论年龄（= 0.041）和 BMI 值（= 0.028）如何，每天进食次数都与口腔脂肪敏感性低有关。在调整潜在混杂因素后，肉类和鸡蛋以及零食和快餐的消费频率与低口腔脂肪敏感性之间也存在显著关联（两者均关联<0.05），调整年龄后仍然存在关联（两者均关联<0.05），但调整 BMI 后则没有。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，较高的 BMI 值（= 0.003）以及绝经后状态（= 0.003）与年龄无关，与脂肪味觉敏感性低有关，并且与脂肪消耗的能量百分比无关。绝经后状态和 BMI 与低脂肪味觉敏感性相关。脂肪低敏性也可能在饮食习惯中发挥作用，导致进食次数增加，并偏爱某些类型的食物。这些饮食习惯可能会导致中年女性体重增加和代谢综合征的发生，尤其是那些已经绝经并经历了促进这些关系的生理变化的女性。
