Pechersky A V, Pechersky V I, Aseev M V, Droblenkov A V, Semiglazov V F
North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnicov, St. Petersburg, Russia.
D.O. Ott Scientific-Research Institute of Midwifery and Gynecology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
J Stem Cells. 2016;11(2):69-87.
The review article is devoted to a role of pluripotent stem cells and immune system in renewal of tissues (regeneration). Cell-precursors (progenitor cells) and differentiated cells can be divided a limited number of times and aren't capable of ensuring regeneration of tissues during the whole process of ontogenesis. The renewal of tissues during the whole long period is impossible without the participation of a specialized system which is responsible for regeneration. The given system is made up of pluripotent stem cells which are capable of differentiating themselves into all types of somatic cells, and into a line of genital cells. These stem cells are also capable of reproducing themselves over the whole lifespan of the organism. The participation of pluripotent stem cells and the possible mediation of antigen-presenting cells and T-helpers/T-suppressors in the complex with molecules of the MHC I class/II class make it possible to consider that exactly this immune system is responsible for regeneration of tissues in the organism. The participation in the regeneration process is the most important (and perhaps the leading) function of the immune system. With age the quantity of pluripotent stem cells gradually decreases. It leads to violation of renewal of tissues at people over 35-40 years old. Transfusion of mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood procured from young donors 18-23 years old with the same blood groups and sex as the recipient (RF patent number 2350340), allows people over 40-50 years old to reestablish the pool of pluripotent stem cells and the process of tissue renewal.
这篇综述文章致力于多能干细胞和免疫系统在组织更新（再生）中的作用。细胞前体（祖细胞）和分化细胞只能分裂有限次数，并且在个体发育的整个过程中无法确保组织再生。如果没有负责再生的专门系统的参与，在整个漫长时期内组织更新是不可能的。该特定系统由多能干细胞组成，这些干细胞能够分化为所有类型的体细胞以及生殖细胞系。这些干细胞还能够在生物体的整个生命周期内自我复制。多能干细胞的参与以及抗原呈递细胞和T辅助细胞/T抑制细胞与MHC I类/II类分子形成复合物时可能的介导作用，使得可以认为正是这个免疫系统负责生物体组织的再生。参与再生过程是免疫系统最重要（也许是主导）的功能。随着年龄增长，多能干细胞数量逐渐减少。这导致35 - 40岁以上人群的组织更新出现紊乱。输注来自18 - 23岁年轻供体且血型和性别与受者相同的外周血单核细胞部分（俄罗斯联邦专利号2350340），能使40 - 50岁以上人群重建多能干细胞库和组织更新过程。
